Folliculogenesis, Ovulation, and Luteogenesis
FIGURE 125-1. Photomicrograph of an adult primate ovary showing the follicular and luteal units in the cortex and large blood vessels and nerves in the medulla. Gf, Graafian follicle; pf,…
Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Action
FIGURE 76-1. Regulation of thyroid hormone production in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Thyroid hormone is produced in the thyroid gland under control of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Circulating hormones exert multiple effects…
Role of the Adipocyte in Metabolism and Endocrine Function
FIGURE 37-1. Obesity and adipocyte hypertrophy. Adipocyte hypertrophy is a key feature of the insulin-resistant state. The flux of free fatty acids out of adipose tissue is disordered in obesity,…
Orthostatic Hypotension and Orthostatic Intolerance
FIGURE 113-1. Effects of gravity on arterial and venous blood pressures in an erect, motionless man. Arterial and venous pressures in the lower part of the body are increased, and…
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
FIGURE 150-1. Schematic representation of the distribution of 384 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) tumors in 220 patients with MEN1. The proportions of patients in whom parathyroid, pancreatic, or…
Diabetic Nephropathy
FIGURE 54-1. Electron microscopic photomicrographs. A, Normal glomerular basement membrane (GBM) on the left compared to thickened GBM from a proteinuric type 1 diabetic patient on the right. B, Normal…
Diagnosis and Treatment of Disorders of Sexual Development
FIGURE 119-1. The three stages of normal sexual differentiation. 1, Chromosomal sex is determined by the sex chromosome (X or Y) present in the spermatozoon at fertilization. 2, Gonadal sex…
Thyroid Hormone Binding and Variants of Transport Proteins
FIGURE 93-1. Estimated proportional carriage of thyroxine (T4) on the three major plasma binding proteins is shown for euthyroid subjects with normal or variant T4 binding proteins. In the face…
Endocrinology of Sexual Maturation and Puberty
FIGURE 120-1. Timeline of changes in the reproductive axis. As puberty progresses, there is little change in the frequency of LH pulsations. However, the mass of hormone secreted during each…
Biosynthesis, Processing, and Secretion of the Islet Hormones: Insulin, Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (Amylin), Glucagon, Somatostatin, and Pancreatic Polypeptide
FIGURE 32-1 Amino acid sequence of human and hagfish insulins, with substitutions occurring at each position in 70 other known vertebrate insulins shown below for comparison. Invariant residues are enclosed…
