Adrenal Causes of Hypercortisolism
FIGURE 102-1. Age distribution in adrenal Cushing’s syndrome according to etiology, depicted as percentage of patients at different ages: adenoma (-◊-), carcinoma (-•-), PPNAD (…….), and AIMAH (- – –…
Surgery of the Thyroid
FIGURE 95-1. The dramatic case of Maria Richsel, the first patient with postoperative myxedema to have come to Kocher’s attention. A, The child and her younger sister before the operation….
Disorders of Prolactin Secretion and Prolactinomas
FIGURE 18-1. Selective antiestrogen treatment inhibits pituitary tumor growth in vivo. Pretreatment (baseline) and posttreatment tumor volumes and serum prolactin (PRL) levels after mini osmotic pumps infusion of vehicle or…
Somatic Growth and Maturation
FIGURE 25-1. Growth hormone (GH) regulatory axis: Major factors regulating GH release. GH is secreted after the integration of diverse hypothalamic stimuli. It stimulates insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) production by…
Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone–Related Peptide in the Regulation of Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Development
FIGURE 56-1. The parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) receptor interacts with indistinguishable efficiency and efficacy with PTH and PTHrP, and it activates at least two distinct second messenger systems, cyclic…
Bone Density and Imaging of Osteoporosis
FIGURE 68-1. Hip fracture incidence as a function of BMD measured at the hip, spine, and forearm in postmenopausal women. (Data from Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, et al: Bone…
Adrenal Surgery
Although the question is not settled, there is a growing consensus in the literature that minimally invasive techniques may be employed for excision of primary adrenal malignancy in appropriately selected…
Hormonal Changes and Endocrine Testing in Pregnancy
FIGURE 148-1. Maternal serum levels of unconjugated estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) from the last menstrual flow through a conceptual cycle to term pregnancy. The points represent mean…
Functional Morphology of the Testis
FIGURE 136-1. Comparison of testicular components and cells from Asian (A), Hispanic (B), and white (C) men. Based on data from ref. 5. Spermatogenesis Mammalian spermatogenesis, including in humans, is…
Defects of Adrenal Steroidogenesis
FIGURE 103-1. Adrenal steroidogenesis. Biosynthetic pathways from cholesterol to mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), glucocorticoids (cortisol), and androgens (androstenedione) are shown and the cellular locations of enzyme activities indicated. CMO, Corticosterone methyl oxidase;…
