Normal Breast Tissue or Fibrocystic Change?
Chapter 1 Normal Breast Tissue or Fibrocystic Change? The mammary gland, like all glandular organs, consists of parenchyma and stroma. The parenchyma contains ducts (Fig. 1.1) and lobules (Fig. 1.2),…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Chapter 4 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Carcinoma in situ is a malignant tumor growing in spaces surrounded by an intact basement membrane. These spaces are either preformed, pre-existing ducts…
Hyperplastic Changes with and without Atypia
Chapter 3 Hyperplastic Changes with and without Atypia The normal ducts and lobules in the breast exhibit a single layer each of epithelial and myoepithelial cells (Fig. 3.1). Fig. 3.1…
Assessment of the Most Important Prognostic Factors
Chapter 9 Assessment of the Most Important Prognostic Factors Histologic typing of breast carcinomas is an important prognostic factor. However, most invasive tumors belong to the category of ductal, not…
General Morphology of Breast Lesions
Chapter 2 General Morphology of Breast Lesions Most pathologic processes in the breast originate in the terminal ductal-lobular units (TDLUs). The affected TDLUs are distended, distorted, or destroyed by the…
The Postoperative Work-up
Chapter 8 The Postoperative Work-up To determine the real extent, size, and distribution of the lesions in the excised breast tissue, the histologic findings need to be directly correlated with…
Lung Ablation
6 Lung Ablation Antonio Gutierrez, Fereidoun Abtin, and Robert Suh Percutaneous thermal tumor ablation (PTTA) is a minimally invasive treatment alternative for primary and secondary pulmonary malignancies. Thus far, the…
Kidney Ablation
7 Kidney Ablation Christos S. Georgiades and Kelvin Hong Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) exhibits unique epidemiologic and pathophysiologic characteristics compared with most other neoplasms. It is mass forming (not infiltrative),…
Radiofrequency Ablation: Mechanism of Action and Devices
1 Radiofrequency Ablation:Mechanism of Action and Devices Kelvin Hong and Christos S. Georgiades The application of radiofrequency (RF) energy and its thermal effects on tissue were described as early as…
Liver Ablation
5 Liver Ablation Muneeb Ahmed and S. Nahum Goldberg Minimally invasive image-guided tumor ablation therapies, using both thermal and chemical technologies, have been applied most extensively in the treatment of…
