Intervertebral Disc Structure, Composition, and Mechanical Function Samuel A. Joseph Jr. Patrick Boland The spine can be considered a column of relatively rigid vertebrae connected by flexible intervertebral discs. Because…
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy, Physiology, and Mechanics Bryan T. Kelly William J. Robertson Muscle Structure and Function Myofibrils and Connective Tissue Myofibrils represent the basic structural element of skeletal muscle (Fig….
Peripheral Nerve Physiology, Anatomy, and Pathology Shikha Sethi Brian J. Harley Christian Custodio Michael Stubblefield A comprehensive understanding of peripheral nerve anatomy and physiology is essential for understanding peripheral nerve…
Tendon and Ligament Anatomy, Biology, and Biomechanics Brian J. Harley Joseph W. Bergman Tendons and ligaments act as the bonds that tie the body together. Ligaments connect one bone to…
Meniscal Structure, Function, Repair, and Replacement Mark C. Drakos Answorth A. Allen The menisci are triangular wedges of fibrocartilage located on the medial and lateral aspects of the knee joint….
Diarthrodial Joints Thomas V. Smallman Kris Shekitka Donald Flemming In tribute to the late Donald E. Sweet, Director of Department of Orthopaedic Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC….
Articular Cartilage Structure, Composition, and Repair Peter J. Roughley Thomas V. Smallman Cartilage exists in the body as three types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage: characterized by…
Biomechanics Frederick W. Werner Joseph A. Spadaro Some Basic Biomechanical Terms Force (load): A force is an action on a body. It has a direction and a magnitude. Oblique forces:…
Genetic Basis of Musculoskeletal Disorders Sathappan S. Sathappan Kirill Ilalov Paul E. Di Cesare The orthopaedic genome consists of all genes involved in the development and functioning of the musculoskeletal…
Growth and Development of the Musculoskeletal System Donald E. Sweet† Thomas V. Smallman †Dr. Sweet passed away suddenly on August 18, 2004. The Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Pathology,…
