Pelvic Surgery
Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation Pain is a common presentation in patients presenting with isolated pelvic disease, who may be relatively young and otherwise healthy. With respect to the risks of…
ONCOLOGY
Surgical Indications
Rationale It has been shown that often the prognosis following the complete resection of a tumor that invades an adjacent organ is similar to that of a tumor which simply…
Case Demonstrations
Chapter 10 Case Reports Case 1. The Importance of Intratumoral Heterogeneity This patient was an 80-year-old woman with a large, palpable, rapidly growing lump that filled her right breast (Fig….
Fine-needle Aspiration or Core Biopsy: A Preoperative Diagnostic Algorithm
Chapter 7 Fine-needle Aspiration or Core Biopsy: A Preoperative Diagnostic Algorithm Any procedure involving use of a needle causes mechanical damage to the targeted tissue. The same is true in…
The Most Common Benign Lesions and Their Borderline and Malignant Counterparts
Chapter 6 The Most Common Benign Breast Lesions and Their Borderline and Malignant Counterparts Fig. 6.1 Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.3 Fig. 6.4 Fig. 6.5 Fibroadenoma (Figs. 6.1 and 6.2) is…
The Most Usual Types of Invasive Breast Carcinoma
Chapter 5 The Most Common Types of Invasive Breast Carcinoma Fig. 5.1 Fig. 5.3 Fig. 5.4 Tubular carcinoma is usually a slow-growing, stellate tumor with stromal desmoplasia (Fig. 5.1). The…
Normal Breast Tissue or Fibrocystic Change?
Chapter 1 Normal Breast Tissue or Fibrocystic Change? The mammary gland, like all glandular organs, consists of parenchyma and stroma. The parenchyma contains ducts (Fig. 1.1) and lobules (Fig. 1.2),…
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Chapter 4 Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) Carcinoma in situ is a malignant tumor growing in spaces surrounded by an intact basement membrane. These spaces are either preformed, pre-existing ducts…
Hyperplastic Changes with and without Atypia
Chapter 3 Hyperplastic Changes with and without Atypia The normal ducts and lobules in the breast exhibit a single layer each of epithelial and myoepithelial cells (Fig. 3.1). Fig. 3.1…
Assessment of the Most Important Prognostic Factors
Chapter 9 Assessment of the Most Important Prognostic Factors Histologic typing of breast carcinomas is an important prognostic factor. However, most invasive tumors belong to the category of ductal, not…
