CYTOMEGALOVIRUS PAUL D. GRIFFITHS HISTORY In the early years of the twentieth century, histopathologists studying stillborn infants identified the characteristic intranuclear inclusions in fatal cases of what is now termed…

POSTINFECTIOUS ENCEPHALOMYELITIS KAREN L. ROOS AND AUGUSTO MIRAVALLE Postinfectious encephalomyelitis is an acute monophasic disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs within days to weeks of a viral…

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CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS RODRIGO HASBUN Infections within the central nervous system (CNS) frequently, but not always, produce changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The changes produced may…

ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRAL ENCEPHALITIDESM TOM SOLOMON, ADJANIE PATABENDIGE, AND RICHARD J. WHITLEY Conventionally, viruses are placed within families and genera according to the taxonomic system, based on morphologic, biochemical, antigenic, and…

RABIES ALAN C. JACKSON Rabies is an acute viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) that also involves the peripheral nervous system both in its pathogenesis and clinical manifestations….

CRITICAL CARE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTIONS JOHN ZURASKY, THOMAS O. MCPHARLIN, AND KYRA J. BECKER Persons with infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are at risk for developing…

TOXOPLASMA GONDII AND TOXOPLASMOSIS JOSE G. MONTOYA Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite of worldwide distribution infecting one third of the human population (1). The parasite has a notable tropism…

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS CHRISTINA M. MARRA HIV can directly infect the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain. Infection of the CSF is a notable feature of the acute retroviral syndrome,…