Inborn Errors of Immunity Jean-Laurent Casanova Mary Ellen Conley Luigi D. Notarangelo INTRODUCTION Louis Pasteur established the germ theory of infectious diseases whilst working near Alès, between 1865 and 1870,…

Cancer Immunology Hans Schreiber INTRODUCTION The goal of this chapter is to provide foundations and key facts in tumor immunology to students, immunologists, and oncologists in order to stimulate critical…

Transplantation Immunology Megan Sykes Kathryn Wood David H. Sachs INTRODUCTION The transplantation of organs and cells between individuals saves or prolongs thousands of lives each year. The growing list of…

Immunologic Mechanisms of Allergic Disorders Marsha Wills-Karp Ian Lewkowich INTRODUCTION This chapter will provide an overview of our current understanding of diseases gathered under the rubric of “allergy.” These diverse…

Autoimmunity and Autoimmune Diseases Ken T. Coppieters Matthias G. von Herrath Dirk Homann INTRODUCTION The concept of autoimmunity (ie, the phenomenon of immune reactivity directed against an organism’s constituent organs,…

Vaccines Ennio De Gregorio Ugo D’Oro Sylvie Bertholet Rino Rappuoli INTRODUCTION Over the last century, vaccination has been the most effective medical practice to control infectious diseases. Smallpox has been…

Immunology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Douglas S. Kwon Bruce D. Walker INTRODUCTION In June 1981, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported five cases of Pneumocystis…

Immunity to Extracellular Bacteria Moon H. Nahm Jannet Katz INTRODUCTION Human interactions with bacteria are complex, with a consortial relationship having been developed between humans and microbes. Each human being…

Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria Anca Dorhoi Stephen T. Reece Stefan H. E. Kaufmann INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on infections by intracellular bacteria with emphasis on both pathogenicity and general immune…

Immunity to Viruses Hildegund C.J. Ertl INTRODUCTION Veni, vidi, vici—I came, I saw, I conquered. If viruses could talk or see, this would be their hendiatris. Although viruses are minute…