## Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is typically a computed tomography (CT)-based diagnosis. When patients present with primary aldosteronism (PA) and BMAH is found on the CT scan, the aldosterone…
## Unlike aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) that can be <1 cm in diameter and cause the full syndrome of primary aldosteronism (PA), clinically important cortisol-secreting adenomas require a “big factory” (e.g.,…
## There are six subtypes of primary aldosteronism (PA). The most common subtype of PA is bilateral idiopathic adrenal hyperplasia (IHA) (≈60% of patients) (see Case 8). The second most…
## The differential diagnosis in a patient with primary aldosteronism (PA) when bilateral adrenocortical nodules are found on adrenal computed tomography (CT) scan includes bilateral idiopathic nodular hyperplasia, bilateral aldosterone-producing…
## Cross-sectional computed imaging lacks the necessary accuracy to determine if a patient has unilateral adrenal versus bilateral adrenal disease as the cause of primary aldosteronism (PA). If abdominal computed…
## There is a small subset of patients (≈5%) with primary aldosteronism (PA) in whom surgical management can proceed without the need for adrenal venous sampling (AVS). This subset includes…
## Mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) is defined as an abnormal cortisol concentration following dexamethasone suppression test (post-DST cortisol >1.8 mcg/dL) and is detected in up to 50% of patients…
## Lipid-poor adrenal masses are the landmines of adrenal disorders. Although lipid-poor adrenal masses may be benign nonfunctional cortical adenomas, it can be difficult to make the distinction from more…
## Any adrenal mass needs evaluation for adrenal hormonal excess and malignancy. , Imaging characteristics can be helpful to exclude malignancy. Workup for adrenal hormone excess includes assessment for cortisol,…
## Adrenal metastasis should be suspected in any patient with history of extraadrenal malignancy presenting with an indeterminate adrenal mass. The most common extraadrenal malignancies that metastasize to adrenal gland…
