Oncohema Key

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The adrenal gland is composed of a cortex and medulla that have different embryologic origins. ▴ The adrenal cortex arises from the coelomic mesoderm between…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy Surgical Landmarks ♦ When planning the skin incision, the most important landmarks are the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage (which will help define the midline)…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy Thyroid ♦ The thyroid consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The normal weight of the adult gland is approximately 20 grams. Each lobe has…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The adrenal glands lie partially anterior, superior, and medial to the renal upper poles. The caudal limb of the left adrenal lies in close proximity…

Step 1 Indications for Surgical Therapy ♦ Thyroidectomy is the most common endocrine operation performed, and nodular thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder. ♦ Nodular thyroid disease affects…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The pancreas is located in the lesser sac, with its anterior surface in the peritoneum and its posterior surface in the retroperitoneum. It is divided…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ in the upper abdomen that slopes upward from the C-loop of the duodenum to the splenic hilum. It is…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The anatomy associated with a gamma probe–guided approach to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is no different than for an MIP alone or traditional parathyroidectomy with…

Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ A thorough knowledge of the surgical anatomy is mandatory for lymph node dissection of the neck. Cervical Lymph Node Levels ♦ The lymph node regions…

♦ The incidence of thyroid cancer is rapidly increasing in the United States, with 35,000 patients seen annually. Interestingly, mortality from thyroid cancer has remained unchanged over the past 25…