Fig. 10.1 Embryological development of the prostate The differentiation and growth of the prostate gland is androgen dependent [4]. The primary androgen involved is testosterone, the majority of which is produced…
Fig. 31.1 Clinical flowchart for melanoma management. This diagram is simplified from the 2014 National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines [24] Light-based visual technologies were developed in the 1990s to…
Fig. 4.1 Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) picture of a tumor showing neoplastic, inflammatory, and stromal cells. H&E stained section of a tumor showing neoplastic cells (arrow head), inflammatory cells (double arrow…
Fig. 28.1 Gross photographs of cystectomy specimens. a Cystectomy specimen prior to opening of the bladder. The shiny surface represents serosa while the more ragged surfaces represent surgical margins. b A…
Cytopathology Histopathology Fine needle aspiration (e.g. thyroid cyst) Biopsies (e.g. biopsy of a breast mass) Smears (e.g. cervical) Surgical specimens (e.g. prostatectomy) Bodily fluids (e.g. urine) Autopsy specimens (e.g. kidney)…
Fig. 16.1 Histological features of normal cell types within the brain. a Arachnoidal collection of meningeal cells and psammomatous calcification similar to those seen in meningiomas, b oligodendrocytes within white matter…
Fig. 29.1 Age-Specific Incidence of Hodgkin Lymphoma in the United States (SEER areas) by Sex and Race, 2007–2012. Source Howlader et al. [60] Rates for black males and black females aged 75…
RCC growth Clinical manifestations Local tumor growth Hematuria, flank pain, abdominal mass, perirenal hematoma Metastases Persistent cough, bone pain, cervical lymphadenopathy, constitutional symptoms (weight loss/fever/malaise) Obstruction of the inferior vena…
Fig. 24.1 Fetal liver (3° trimester). a Periportal space (arrowhead) and hepatic vein (arrow). b Intrahepatic hemopoiesis and mature biliary ducts (arrow) haematoxylin–eosin stain From 5th to 9th gestational week a…
Fig. 13.1 Ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 2000–2012 (data from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program) 13.2.1.2 Geographic Variation Ovarian cancer incidence is higher in developed than…
