43.1 Celiac disease 43.1.1 Introduction Celiac disease is a chronic enteropathy in genetically predisposed individuals in response to gluten intake . Rather than being a rare and incurable disease, as…
37.1 Introduction Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for bone mass acquisition. Through skeletal growth, the peak of bone mineral accrual occurs approximately 6 months following the pubertal growth spurt,…
42.1 Introduction Iatrogenic bone loss and increased fracture risk caused by therapies for nonskeletal diseases is a growing and important cause of osteoporosis. The skeletal effects of glucocorticoids, progestins, excess…
25.1 Introduction Patients and many physicians still often misperceive osteoporosis as a typically female disorder. However, the male:female gender ratio for osteoporotic fractures is only about 1:1.6 , and for…
38.1 Introduction Osteoporosis occurs much less frequently in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women. However, premenopausal osteoporosis can cause significant morbidity and premenopausal fractures are associated with increased risk of…
34.1 Introduction For decades the skeleton was viewed as a relatively isolated organ with little connection to other tissues in the body or to metabolic homeostasis. Certainly its role as…
18.1 Introduction 18.1.1 Genetic diseases The concept of genetic risk for diseases has substantially evolved in the past decades from traits and diseases that run in families, to the current…
30.1 Introduction The cells of bone influence its structure by means of four processes: growth, repair, modeling, and remodeling, the last being the basis of bone tissue turnover in the…
22.1 Physical activity across the life span for osteoporosis and fracture prevention Physical activity (PA) is vital for musculoskeletal health and an important component of osteoporosis and fracture prevention across…
29.1 Introduction Osteoporosis is a costly, major global public health problem. In the United States (US), 10 million individuals have osteoporosis and another 44 million have low bone mass (or…
