Ophthalmic Manifestations of COVID-19
Introduction and Historical Perspectives In late December 2019, an ophthalmologist named Li Wenliang sent a message to a group of fellow physicians in Wuhan, China, warning them of an emerging…
Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19
OUTLINE Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms, 191 Implications of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in COVID-19, 191 Mechanism on How SARS-CoV-2 Affects Gut Health, 192 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor Mechanism, 192 Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on Gut…
Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19
OUTLINE COVID-19 Manifestations in the Respiratory System, 100 Clinical Presentation, 100 Complications, 101 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 102 COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, 111 Lung Microbiome and COVID-19, 114 Specific…
COVID-19: Natural History and Spectrum of Disease
Abstract This chapter provides a bird’s eye view of the book, giving a big-picture sense of the range of manifestations that can occur after infection with SARS-CoV-2. After a short…
Kidney Manifestations of COVID-19
Acute Kidney Injury Incidence and Mortality Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection AKI incidence has varied based on the geographic location and clinical situation during the pandemic. A meta-analysis of over 13,000…
Oral Cavity and COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations, Pathology, and Dental Profession
The Oral Cavity and Viral Infections The oral cavity is home to a vast microbial flora that also include a robust community of viruses. Although the viruses that infect bacteria…
Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19
OUTLINE Epidemiology of Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19, 159 Historical Background of Neurological Effects of the Coronavirus Family, 160 Pathophysiology, Pathogenesis, and Proposed Mechanisms of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus and the Nervous…
Immunology of COVID-19
The extraordinary global spread of SARS-CoV-2 through naïve populations provides compelling evidence of both the strengths and limitations of the human immune response: on the one hand, recognizing and eliminating…
SARS-CoV-2: Structure, Pathogenesis, and Diagnosis
SARS-CoV-2 and Coronaviruses Evolutionary Origins In the last two decades, three coronaviruses have caused outbreaks of varying scales, with the pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)…
Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a highly contagious disease called CO rona VI rus D isease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus was first reported in Wuhan city, Hubei…
