Diabetes-Related Conditions and Complications in Orthopaedic Surgery
Fig. 4.1 General classification of hip fractures The overall incidence of femoral neck fractures in the USA is between 0.4 and 1.0 % [15, 16], and the estimated cost of…
Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Bone Turnover in Diabetic Disease
Fig. 8.1 Diabetes significantly affects osteoblast activity at multiple levels. Mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into pre-osteoblasts or pre-adipocytes as well as other cell types. Runx2 is expressed when mesenchymal…
Safety of Antidiabetic Therapies on Bone
Fig. 7.1 Schematic representation of coupling between osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast development and function. MSC mesenchymal stem cells, HSC hematopoietic stem cells Three types of cells are involved in bone…
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Skeletal Health
Fig. 2.1 Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of hip fracture in case–control and cohort studies. Each square shows the study-specific relative risk (RR) estimate (the size of…
Impact of Diabetes on Periodontal Disease
Fig. 5.1 (Right side) Healthy periodontal tissue. (Left half side) Effects of periodontitis with subgingival bacterial plaque formation, gingival tissue inflammation, periodontal attachment loss, periodontal pocket formation, and alveolar bone…
Biomarkers of Diabetic Bone Disease
Fig. 6.1 Histomorphometric changes in bone formation. (a, b) Tetracycline double-labeled bone biopsies in a 58-year-old T2D Caucasian woman (a) and a 57-year-old Caucasian female control (b). Bone formation is…
Skeletal Deficits in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors Years Locations Study methods N (F, M) Age at enroll (years) Fracture sites RR [OR]a Associations, impact of comorbidities CGC Zhukouskaya [51] 2013 Belarus Case–control 82/82 F + M 20–55 Vertebral…
Glucose Prediction in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes
at time k is formed by a linear weighted average of the individual predictors . (1)It is also common to restrict the weights w k to [0,1]. The possible reasons…
Algorithms for Personalized Diabetes Treatment
. A local cost c(x, u) is associated with each state x and action u. The aim of the AC algorithm is to minimize the average expected cost per state…
Modeling and Prediction in Diabetes Physiology
Fig. 1 DIAdvisor™ modeling and prediction [22] 1.3 Statement of the Problem The development of a safe predictive and advisory system, such as the DIAdvisorTM tool, would require patient-specific dynamical models…
