Lipoprotein(a): Structure, Metabolism, and Pathophysiology
Fig. 7.1 Schematic view of Lp(a) Table 7.1 Average composition of Lp(a) in comparison to LDL Lp(a) (%) LDL (%) Protein 30.0 21.0 Carbohydrates 10.0 1.3 Cholesteryl esters 31.5…
Emerging Lipoprotein-Related Therapeutics for Patients with Diabetes
Lifestyle Optimize glycemic control in people with diabetes Weight loss if overweight or obese Physical exercise Nonsmoking Healthy diet Plant sterol-supplemented foods Predominantly LDL-lowering treatments HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors e.g., rosuvastatin,…
Niacin Therapy: Impact on Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Events in Diabetic Patients
Trial name No. of patients No. of patients with DM Changes in lipids in treatment group compared to control Outcome Niacin Placebo Niacin Placebo TC TGs LDL-C HDL-C Coronary Drug…
Lipoprotein Subclasses and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Insulin-Resistant Diabetes
Fig. 2.1 Lipoprotein size-density relationship. Lipid subclasses are present in a continuum of size and density, with an especially large gradient for the TG-rich lipoproteins IDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons. Technologies…
Effects of Lifestyle (Diet, Plant Sterols, Exercise) and Glycemic Control on Lipoproteins in Diabetes
Dietary component LDL-cholesterol lowering (%) Saturated fat reduction 15–10 % 5 Polyunsaturated fat increase 5–10 % 3 Plant sterols 2 g/day 10 Oat bran 15 g/day 5 Low-GI carbohydrate in…
Lipoprotein Glycation in Diabetes Mellitus
Fig. 8.1 Biochemistry of early and late glycation. (a) Early steps of the Maillard reaction. The reducing sugars in open chain form reacting an amino groups on proteins to form…
Tools for Assessing Lipoprotein Metabolism in Diabetes Mellitus
Fig. 12.1 The design and general method of conduct of investigations of lipoprotein and apoprotein metabolism which employ isotopes. Studies investigating lipoprotein metabolism in plasma frequently employ isotopic labeling of…
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis
Fig. 3.1 Insulin resistance (IR) is selective to the PI3K (predominantly metabolic) effects of insulin. Hyperinsulinemia, a common concomitant of IR, results in exaggerated MAPK (predominantly nuclear and mitogenic) effects…
Lipid: Extracellular Matrix Interactions as Therapeutic Targets in the Atherosclerosis of Diabetes
Fig. 11.1 Process involved in the generation of an inhibitor of proteoglycan synthesis for the prevention of atherosclerosis. An inhibitor of growth factor-mediated elongation of glycosaminoglycan chains on proteoglycans, such…
Laboratory Assessment of Lipoproteins in Diabetes
Intercurrent illness (with acute phase inflammation) Increased VLDL (TG), reduced HDL-C, LDL-C Hemoconcentration (dehydration, upright posture, prolonged tourniquet, squeezing to obtain fingerprick sample) Proportionate increase in most analytes, including lipoproteins…
