Fig. 15.1 Retinal cells and blood supply: (Modified from: Fulton, A.B. et al., Retinal degenerative and hypoxic ischemic disease. Doc Ophthalmol. 2009;118:55–61; and reproduced with permission). Abbreviations: GCL ganglion cell…
Fig. 22.1 Title: Adiposopathy: Simplified relationship between pathogenic adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease [2]. Adiposopathy is promoted by unhealthy nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle in genetically and environmentally predisposed individuals….
Fig. 6.1 Intrahepatic assembly of apoB into VLDL VLDL assembly and secretion is a process highly regulated by the availability of triglycerides in the liver [22]; TG may derive from…
(1) ClinSciences, 10 avenue Victor Hugo, 21000 Dijon, France Jean Claude Ansquer Email: jean-claude.ansquer@clinsciences.fr Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), with three existing isoforms (PPAR α, PPAR β/δ, and PPAR γ), belong…
Fig. 9.1 Macrophages foam cell formation. Under oxidative stress, macrophages generate reactive oxygen species and through activation of NADPH oxidase complex (1) increase the production and release of superoxide ions…
Randomized clinical trial Original publication year Diabetic subjects (n) Study focus group Statin type (mg/day) Average follow-up (years) Primary enrollment locations 4S 1994 202 CHD Simva 20–40 5.4 Scandinavia WOSCOPS…
Fig. 13.1 (a) Nitric oxide (NO) is produced from l-arginine and molecular oxygen (O2) by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in a tightly “coupled” process involving tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and NADPH….
Number of patients Treatment comparison (mg/day) Median follow-up in survivors (years)a Mean age (years) Baseline LDL-C (mmol/L) Prior CHDb Other vascular diseasec No prior vascular disease Women LDL-C difference…
Fig. 14.1 Prospective analysis of all-cause mortality in the FinnDiane cohort. Prospective analysis of all-cause mortality in the FinnDiane cohort of type 1 diabetes after an average of 7 years…
IgGa IgMa IgG/IgM ratio Mean 84.2 4.5 34.0 S.D. 82.8 7.1 43.6 Median 60.2 2.6 19.7 Range 0.2–588 0–135 0.2–482 aValues in μg/mL The Composition of Circulating Modified LDL…
