Fig. 11.1 (a) Low-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (grade 1): low-grade monomorphic nuclei, inconspicuous nucleoli, diffuse chromatin, cells maintain polarity around gland-like spaces, no comedo necrosis. (b) Intermediate-grade ductal carcinoma…
Patient Young age White race Private insurance Family history of breast cancer Tumor Infiltrating lobular histology Multicentric disease Tumor size Treatment BRCA testing MRI Breast reconstruction Facility type Reasons for…
Stage Clinical characteristics Radiographic findings Stage 0 No evidence of necrotic bone, but presence of nonspecific signs or symptoms • Odontalgia not explained by an odontogenic cause • Dull, aching…
Fig. 7.1 This lateral radiograph of the right femur shows lateral, mid-diaphyseal cortical thickening Fig. 7.2 Frontal radiograph better demonstrates some intracortical lucency, possibly an early fracture line Fig. 7.3…
Fig. 15.1 Decrease in absolute risk of new vertebral fractures in patients treated with risedronate in two different clinical trials (left panel) and zoledronate in the same clinical trial (right…
Prediction tool, URL Risk factors Outputs Risk factors amenable to intervention Risk factors responsive to anti-osteoporosis treatment FRAX (Fracture Risk Assessment Tool) [26] www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX • Age, sex, BMI • Prior…
Fig. 14.1 Stage 1 osteonecrosis of edentulous mandible of a 73-year-old woman with osteoporosis treated with alendronate for 10 years. Note exposed bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible…
Fig. 11.1 Atypical femur fracture treated with intramedullary nail showing sclerotic margins consistent with nonunion Complete fractures are treated most commonly with intramedullary devices; more proximal fractures that are difficult…
Fig. 2.1 Structures of major bisphosphonates used clinically Bisphosphonates have been used since the 1970s across the whole spectrum of bone resorption disorders , including Paget’s disease and cancer-related bone…
