, Ahmad Ameri1 and Mona Malekzadeh2 (1) Department of Clinical Oncology, Imam Hossein Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU), Shahid Madani Street, Tehran, Iran (2) Department of Radiotherapy and…
and Rachel Livingstone2 (1) Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK (2) Specialty Trainee, Royal Alexandria Hospital, Paisley, UK 2.1 Mode of Action and Clinical Pharmacology Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have a…
(1) Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK 3.1 Introduction Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines are systematically developed statements intended to assist practitioners and patients about making and understanding care decisions for…
(1) Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK 4.1 Introduction Type 2 diabetes is becoming a common problem in young obese people and, in some parts of the world, is as…
Figure 1.1 Global prevalence of diabetes (Reproduced with permission from the International Diabetes Federation [1] ©IDF) 1.2 Diagnostic Criteria for Diabetes The diagnostic criteria from the World Health Organization (WHO)…
Fig. 16.1 Simplified schema of the GnRH-LH-testosterone (hypothalamo-pituitary-Leydig cell) axis with feedback (−, inhibitory) and feedforward (+, stimulatory) interactions mediated via specific interface (dose-response) functions Fig. 16.2 Primary loci of postulated regulatory…
Fig. 10.1 Undescended testes along the pathway of normal testicular descent into the scrotum, and ectopic locations. Illustration by Dr. James Grubola, Professor of Fine Arts, University of Louisville Congenital cryptorchidism…
Fig. 13.1 Illustrated are the factors that influence circulating testosterone levels in normal men at rest and in response to a physical exercise bout. This figure is based upon the information…
Fig. 5.1 Schematic presentation of the activity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis across the life cycle. During the neonatal window, pulsatile GnRH stimulates LH and FSH secretion which induce adult levels of…
