Oncohema Key

ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS KAREN L. ROOS, ALLAN R. TUNKEL, DIEDERIK VAN DE BEEK, AND W. MICHAEL SCHELD The meningitis syndrome has been recognized for centuries. Hippocrates realized the important intracranial…

BRAIN ABSCESS MATTHIAS KLEIN, HANS-WALTER PFISTER, ALLAN R. TUNKEL, AND W. MICHAEL SCHELD DEFINITION Brain abscess is a focal intracerebral infection that begins as a localized area of cerebritis and…

IMAGING OF INTRACRANIAL INFECTIONS CARRIE P. MARDER AND KATHLEEN R. FINK Intracranial infections are usually diagnosed by clinical assessment and laboratory investigations, particularly cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, combined with radiologic…

EPIDURAL ABSCESS HANS-WALTER PFISTER, MATTHIAS KLEIN, ALLAN R. TUNKEL, AND W. MICHAEL SCHELD SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS First described by the Italian anatomist Morgagni in the eighteenth century, a spinal epidural…

TETANUS ITZHAK BROOK Tetanus is a serious but preventable nervous system disorder caused by the toxin produced by Clostridium tetani. Although the disease is rare in the industrial nations, it…

RICKETTSIOSES, ANAPLASMOSES, AND Q FEVER DIDIER RAOULT Bacteria in the order Rickettsiales are gram-negative microorganisms that grow in association with eukaryotic cells. They do not grow in axenic media but…

TRYPANOSOMIASIS LOUIS V. KIRCHHOFF Trypanosomes are single-celled protozoan parasites that have an amazingly broad distribution in nature. The diversity and wide geographic range of the animals infected by trypanosomes make…

COMPLICATIONS OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS STEFANO GIULIERI, RETO ANTOINE MEULI, AND MATTHIAS CAVASSINI Central nervous system (CNS) complications of infective endocarditis (IE) occur in about 30% of patients, with the highest…

TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS DOROTHEE HEEMSKERK, JEREMY FARRAR, AND MAXINE CAWS Yea, I have known inflammations, Imposthumes, whelks, scirrhus Tumors growing to the Meninges, with the Skull, and other Diseases of an…

HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS RICHARD J. WHITLEY Eight herpesviruses routinely cause human disease. The current classification of herpesviruses into subfamilies serves the purposes of identifying evolutionary relatedness and summarizing unique properties…