Proctectomy CRITICAL ELEMENTS Proximal Vascular Ligation Total Mesorectal Excision Lymph Node Dissection Clearance of the Distal Margin 1. PROXIMAL VASCULAR LIGATION Recommendation: Routine ligation of the inferior mesenteric vascular pedicle…
Gastrectomy CRITICAL ELEMENTS Intraoperative Staging Resection of Primary Tumor Endoscopic Resection Partial and Total Gastrectomy Minimally Invasive Gastrectomy Assessment of Surgical Margins Regional Lymphadenectomy Reconstruction of the Gastrointestinal Tract After…
Introduction INTRODUCTION Although discussions of issues relating to surgical management of the large bowel frequently consider the colon and rectum as one entity, their associated standards of surgical care are…
Oncologic Components of Lymphadenectomy CRITICAL ELEMENTS Resection of lymph nodes in the central compartment Management of the recurrent laryngeal nerve when involved by extranodal extension from lymph node metastases Management…
Introduction INTRODUCTION Gastric cancer represents the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, with an estimated incidence of 951,000 cases, causing 723,000 deaths annually.1 The American Cancer Society estimates that…
Thyroidectomy CRITICAL ELEMENTS Complete extracapsular dissection of the thyroid Identification and preservation of the parathyroid glands Identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves En bloc resection of locally advanced…
Introduction INTRODUCTION Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. It is the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in females in the United States and is increasing…
Pathogenesis Print Section Listen Lymphedema is caused when protein-rich fluid accumulates in the interstitium due to impaired function of lymphatic tissues. Proteins and other macromolecular wastes with water constitute lymphatic…
Immediate Repair of Partial Mastectomy Defects Using Perforator Flaps: Introduction Print Section Listen The reconstructive approach to breast defects is challenging, as the resultant glandular tissue deficiency not only needs…
Disparities in Breast Cancer: Introduction Print Section Listen Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy in the United States and worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates that more than…
