Introduction Numerous planning studies demonstrate superior dosimetry for proton radiotherapy compared with photon-based radiotherapy for breast cancers of all stages, even compared with intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Protons can reduce dose to…
Introduction For both primary and metastatic brain tumors, radiation therapy (RT) remains one of the standard treatment modalities. Although RT techniques using photons have greatly improved in recent decades, substantial…
Introduction Intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) can begin only after a number of other processes have been completed, including simulation and treatment planning. For both proton and photon treatments, radiation oncology…
Introduction In radiation oncology, “clinical commissioning,” or simply “commissioning,” refers to the process that takes place after a machine has passed acceptance tests but before the first patient can be…
Introduction The potential of physical characteristics of protons for cancer treatments was first recognized by Wilson in 1946. During the following four decades or so, proton accelerators at various physics…
Introduction Radiotherapy is used as one of the major treatment modalities for patients with malignant diseases at different disease stages. Currently, the most common radiation choice for the majority of…
10.1055/b-0034-80351 Overview of the Diagnostic and Management Problems Encountered When Malignant Type Calcifications Are Detected on the Mammogram The relative frequencies of the casting type, crushed stone-like and powdery calcifications…
10.1055/b-0034-80355 Group 1A: Example 2.2 A 70-year-old asymptomatic woman, screening examination. The faint cluster of crushed stone-like calcifications was not perceived. At her next screening examination 18 months later she…
10.1055/b-0034-80354 Group 1A: Example 2.1 A 57-year-old asymptomatic woman, screening examination. Called back to the assessment center for further examination of the small cluster of calcifications in her left breast…
10.1055/b-0034-80352 Classification of Crushed Stone-like Calcifications Produced by Malignant Processes Correlation of subgross, 3D histological and mammographic images provides a basis for the following classification of crushed stone-like calcifications produced…
