265 Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis) George S. Deepe Jr. Keywords acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); amphotericin; antigen detection; azoles; disseminated infection; histoplasmosis; immune response; lung; mycoses; pathogenesis; tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α inhibitors…

170 Human T-Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV) Edward L. Murphy, Roberta L. Bruhn Keywords adult T-cell; HTLV-1; HTLV-2; human blood donors; interferon-α; leukemia-lymphoma; milk; paraparesis; primate T-lymphotropic virus; tropical spastic paraparesis; virus…

214 Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonorrhea) Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Michael A. Apicella Keywords antigenic variation; antimicrobial resistance; arthritis; asialoglycoprotein receptor; carcinoembryonic antigen–related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs); cervicitis; complement; complement receptor 3 (CR3);…

253 Mycobacterium avium Complex Fred M. Gordin, C. Robert Horsburgh Jr. Keywords bronchiectasis; clarithromycin; Lady Windermere syndrome; MAC; Mycobacterium avium complex; Mycobacterium intracellulare; rifamycins Short View Summary Microbiology and Epidemiology…

167 Influenza (Including Avian Influenza and Swine Influenza) John J. Treanor Keywords avian influenza; epidemic; hemagglutinin; inactivated influenza vaccine; influenza A virus; influenza B virus; influenza C virus; live-attenuated influenza…

239 Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) Justin D. Radolf, Edmund C. Tramont, Juan C. Salazar Keywords bicillin; cardiovascular syphilis; chancre; congenital syphilis; darkfield microscopy; general paresis; granuloma; Great Pox; gumma; Herxheimer reaction;…

102 Enteric Fever and Other Causes of Fever and Abdominal Symptoms Jason B. Harris, Edward T. Ryan Keywords enteric fever; ileocecitis; paratyphoid fever; Salmonella enterica; Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi; Salmonella…

196 Staphylococcus aureus (Including Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome) Yok-Ai Que, Philippe Moreillon Keywords bloodstream infection (BSI); infective endocarditis; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA); mobile genetic element; osteomyelitis; Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL); pathogenesis;…

63 Sinusitis Gregory P. DeMuri, Ellen R. Wald Keywords frontal; Haemophilus influenzae; maxillary; microbiology; paranasal sinuses; pathogenesis; sinusitis; Streptococcus pneumoniae; treatment; upper respiratory infection Short View Summary Definition • Sinusitis…

310 Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients Elio Castagnola, Małgorzata Mikulska, Claudio Viscoli Keywords antimicrobial stewardship; biologic response modifiers; deescalation strategy; empirical therapy; febrile neutropenia; fluoroquinolone prophylaxis;…