Introduction This chapter reviews two separate and partially overlapping types of anemia: hypochromic anemias, resulting from a decreased amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and hemolytic anemias, resulting from…
In the workup of patients with suspected megaloblastic anemia, clinical findings, the complete blood count (CBC) with manual differential, and additional diagnostic studies are critical for narrowing the differential diagnosis…
Hematopoietic Cytokines and Growth Factors Hematopoietic homeostasis is tightly controlled by a group of hematopoietic cytokines ( Fig. 2.1 ). Each cytokine performs unique and/or multiple actions mediated by receptors…
Hematopoietic Development Hematopoiesis is the process by which the various cellular components of the blood are formed. The short-term need for these components can be highly variable, but evidence has…
Abstract “Normal ranges” for hematologic values of neonates are not available. This is because blood is not drawn on healthy normal neonates to establish such ranges, as is done with…
Abstract The fetal–placental–maternal unit can produce significant abnormalities in the neonate’s hematologic health at birth. A newborn can have disorders of white blood cells, red blood cells, or platelets, or…
Abstract Solid tumors in neonates can arise anywhere in the body and present unique challenges to clinicians. Benign tumors are most common [1], and are typically less amenable to chemotherapy…
Abstract Leukemia in the neonatal period is very rare and can present as early as the day of birth [1, 2]. Acute leukemia arises from clonal changes in hematopoietic precursor…
Abstract Neonatal transfusion therapy requires an understanding of the dynamic interactions of the fetomaternal unit, the physiologic changes that accompany the transition from fetus to neonate to infant, and the…
Abstract Thromboembolism (TE) in pediatrics is relatively rare compared with adults, with an estimated venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence of 0.07–0.14/10,000 children [1, 2]. A bimodal age distribution has been well…
