Abstract Endometriosis is a complex syndrome characterized by an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process that primarily affects pelvic tissues, including ovaries, and results from repetitious ovulatory menstrual episodes and retrograde travel…

Abstract A transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) is an efficient imaging tool in the “one-stop” investigation of subfertility. A comprehensive evaluation of the structure of ovarian, uterine, and tubal patency can provide…

Abstract The appropriate measurement of hormones, their interpretation, the judicious use of provocative tests, and targeted imaging are all important aspects of the discipline of reproductive endocrinology. In this chapter…

Abstract This chapter describes the procedures performed in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory. Ideal laboratory conditions are discussed to highlight the enormity of the undertaking required to create an…

Abstract The term assisted reproduction incorporates a wide range of technologies that are used to enhance the probability of achieving a pregnancy after the collection and direct handling of oocytes,…

Abstract With the increase in life expectancy, a woman may now expect to spend one-third or more of her life after menopause. Thus the understanding of the physiology of menopause…

Abstract Physiological and endocrine adaptations occur in the mother in response to the demands of pregnancy. These demands include support of the fetus (volume support, nutritional and oxygen supply, and…

Abstract Cancer patients are surviving their disease in increasing numbers, and options to preserve their reproductive health exist for both males and females. Coupling the need of cancer patients with…

Abstract Ovarian stimulation is an integral part of many different infertility treatments. Since the 1970s, ovarian stimulation has been applied in ovulatory women diagnosed with unexplained infertility aiming to increase…