Calcium and vitamin D in the management of osteoporosis
70.1 Introduction Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for the prevention of osteoporosis. Studies have related several nutrients with bone health, such as vitamins A, B, C, D, E,…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Nutrients beyond calcium and vitamin D to treat osteoporosis
71.1 Introduction The general nutritional advice for skeletal health is that adults should follow a varied nutrient-rich diet with adequate protein and fruits and vegetables, and they should also ensure…
Bone and the microbiome
39.1 Introduction The gut microbiota (GM) comprises the largest number of cells in the human body, and it is well established that the interaction between the GM and its host…
Orthopedic aspects of osteoporosis
67.1 Engaging the orthopedic specialist While orthopedic surgeons are recognized as technicians in the care of patients with fragility fractures, their potential influence on the treatment of millions of patients…
Osteoporosis associated with rheumatologic disorders
53.1 Introduction The systemic and focal joint inflammation that characterizes many chronic inflammatory diseases of autoimmune origin, or rheumatologic diseases, is frequently accompanied by adverse effects on the skeleton. Much…
Management of bone health in men with prostate cancer
57.1 Bone health management in prostate cancer 57.1.1 Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer in men, with a lifetime risk of approximately 11.6% and is the second most…
Osteoporosis associated with eating disorders
44.1 Introduction to eating disorders Eating disorders (EDs) are psychiatric disorders associated with both physical and psychosocial morbidity, with the highest prevalence in young adult and adolescent women . This…
The skeletal actions of parathyroid hormone in primary hyperparathyroidism
47.1 Introduction Parathyroid hormone (PTH), primary hyperparathyroidism, and bone are the main subjects of this chapter. The subject lends itself to resolving some of the paradoxes implicit in the subsequent…
Who should be screened for osteoporosis?
62.1 Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture…
Evaluation of the osteoporosis patient
61.1 Introduction Osteoporosis can be diagnosed by T-score, history of adulthood hip fracture, or vertebral or other fractures in the setting of a low bone mineral density (BMD) . Osteoporosis…
