Oral agent classes (e.g., denotes other agents in same class available) Biguanides (metformin) Sulphonylureas (e.g., gliclazide) Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) Alpha glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose) Meglitinides (e.g., repaglinide) Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (e.g.,…
© Springer-Verlag London 2015Clifford P. Shearman (ed.)Management of Diabetic Foot Complications10.1007/978-1-4471-4525-7_1 1. Foot Complications in Diabetes: The Problem Clifford P. Shearman1 (1) Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Southampton, University Hospital of Southampton NHS Foundation Trust,…
Fig. 4.1 Lipoprotein structure involves amphipathic surface molecules PL and UC and the core consists of a variable mixture of nonpolar CE and TG. Providing structure and solubility are surface…
TG LDL-C HDL-C First author (ref. #) Year published N Duration Baseline TG Placebo-corrected % change TG Baseline LDL-C Placebo-corrected % change LDL-C Baseline HDL-C Placebo-corrected % change HDL-C…
Fig. 5.1 The lipoprotein cascade Apolipoproteins and Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Metabolism So far we have given a very simplified version of lipoprotein metabolism. Apolipoproteins other than apo B48 and apo B100…
Fig. 15.1 Retinal cells and blood supply: (Modified from: Fulton, A.B. et al., Retinal degenerative and hypoxic ischemic disease. Doc Ophthalmol. 2009;118:55–61; and reproduced with permission). Abbreviations: GCL ganglion cell…
Fig. 22.1 Title: Adiposopathy: Simplified relationship between pathogenic adipose tissue and cardiovascular disease [2]. Adiposopathy is promoted by unhealthy nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle in genetically and environmentally predisposed individuals….
Fig. 6.1 Intrahepatic assembly of apoB into VLDL VLDL assembly and secretion is a process highly regulated by the availability of triglycerides in the liver [22]; TG may derive from…
(1) ClinSciences, 10 avenue Victor Hugo, 21000 Dijon, France Jean Claude Ansquer Email: jean-claude.ansquer@clinsciences.fr Abstract Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), with three existing isoforms (PPAR α, PPAR β/δ, and PPAR γ), belong…
Fig. 9.1 Macrophages foam cell formation. Under oxidative stress, macrophages generate reactive oxygen species and through activation of NADPH oxidase complex (1) increase the production and release of superoxide ions…
