Adrenarche and Adrenopause
FIGURE 104-1. Combined fetal adrenal weights according to gestational age. (Data from Young MC, Laurence KM, Hughes IA: Relationship between fetal adrenal morphology and anterior pituitary function, Horm Res 32:130–135,…
The Endocrinology of Human Pregnancy and Parturition
FIGURE 144-1. Formation of the morula with production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the first signal to the mother of the presence of pregnancy. As cell division occurs, hCG production…
Mineralocorticoid Deficiency
FIGURE 108-1. Genetic causes of mineralocorticoid deficiency. The schematic cell represents a renal cell from the distal tubule/collecting duct segment, which expresses the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), is aldosterone (A) sensitive,…
Gynecomastia
FIGURE 140-1. Diagrammatic representation of sources of androgen and estrogen and the physiology of their actions. Most testosterone and approximately 15% of estradiol are secreted directly by the testes. Both…
Estrogen and Progesterone Action
FIGURE 127-1. Activation of steroid receptors. In the absence of ligand, steroid receptors (SR) reside in an inactive complex containing heat shock proteins (HSP) and other proteins. Upon steroid binding,…
Applications of Genetics in Endocrinology
FIGURE 7-1. Genes and polymorphic marker density of chromosome 8. The relative numbers of genes and SNPs are shown above chromosome 8. The microsatellite markers (short tandem repeats, STRs) and…
Pancreatic and Islet Transplantation
FIGURE 50-1. Combined pancreas and kidney transplant. Digestive juices of the pancreas are drained into the intestine via an enteric anastomosis between the donor duodenum and the recipient ileum. Venous…
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Its Binding Proteins
FIGURE 24-1. Structure of the human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene and the precursor proteins it encodes. The black boxes that are shown represent exons. The portions of each…
Endometriosis
FIGURE 130-1. A, 10% hematoxylin and eosin stain of a peritoneal lesion of endometriosis. Note the presence of glands and stroma surrounded by fibrosis. B, 10% hematoxylin and eosin stain…
Obesity: The Problem and Its Management
Using the definitions in Table 28-1, the prevalence of obesity in U.S. adults doubled between 1980 and 2002.8 Findings from the most recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES…
