Endocrinology of the Prostate
FIGURE 143-1. Diagram showing the zonal anatomy of the human prostate gland. Benign disease most commonly occurs in the transition zone (TZ), whereas malignant nodules are most prevalent in the…
Nonthyroidal Illness Syndrome: A Form of Hypothyroidism
FIGURE 86-1. Free T3 concentrations in different groups of patients, as reported by Chopra et al.31 In this report, patients with NTIS have significantly lowered free T3 levels than normal subjects….
Hormones of the Cardiovascular System
FIGURE 111-1. Mature forms of human atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP). Bold circles represent amino acids common to the three human hormones….
Calcitonin
FIGURE 57-1. Comparison of the effects of surgical thyroparathyroidectomy with parathyroidectomy by cautery or surgery in the rat. (Data from Hirsch PF et al, Endocrinology 73:244–251, 1963.) Synthesis, Secretion, and Cells…
Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy
FIGURE 146-1. Schematic representation of changing insulin requirements over the course of pregnancy and after delivery in pregestational diabetes mellitus. (Data from Phelps RL, Metzger BE, Freinkel N: Medical management…
Contraception
Patterns of contraceptive use vary across the world, and contraceptive choice depends on numerous factors. In the United States in 2002, over 38% of couples were sterilized, 27% were using…
Autonomously Functioning Thyroid Nodules and Other Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
PATHOGENESIS From a histologic point of view, two types of nodules (Figs. 82-1 and 82-2) may be discerned: a monoclonal and a polyclonal type. Studer and his group developed the…
Ovarian Hormone Synthesis
FIGURE 126-1. The acquisition, storage and trafficking of cholesterol in steroidogenic cells. ACAT1, acylcoenzyme A cholesterolacyl transferase 1; FFA, free fatty acid; HMG-CoA, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density…
Adrenarche and Adrenopause
FIGURE 104-1. Combined fetal adrenal weights according to gestational age. (Data from Young MC, Laurence KM, Hughes IA: Relationship between fetal adrenal morphology and anterior pituitary function, Horm Res 32:130–135,…
The Endocrinology of Human Pregnancy and Parturition
FIGURE 144-1. Formation of the morula with production of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the first signal to the mother of the presence of pregnancy. As cell division occurs, hCG production…
