Natural and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Therapies
Figure 47-1 Mechanisms of cellular drug resistance. It is likely that the rate of development of drug-resistant mutants in a cancer varies depending on the nature of the genetic instability…
Molecular Mechanisms of Esophageal Cancer
Figure 31-1 The central Asian esophageal cancer belt extending from Iran to China. Modified from Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM, et al. Esophageal cancer in northeastern Iran: a review….
Gene Therapy and Oncolytic Viruses
FLT1, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR1; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp; RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2. Gene Knockout Antisense Activation of proto-oncogenes such as Ras, B-Raf, Myc, or EGFR through various mechanisms is…
Inflammation and Cancer
Figure 19-1 Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can self-renew or differentiate into two multipotent progenitor cell types, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, which further differentiate to give rise to all cells…
Tumor Angiogenesis
Figure 17-1 Major events in vascular development Some of the critical signaling molecules and receptors are shown corresponding to the cells or processes in which they are known to play…
Invasion and Metastasis
Figure 18-2 The steps of tumor invasion Tumor invasion involves the loss of cell-cell adhesions (cadherins represented by green bars), alterations in cell-matrix adhesion (integrins represented by ovals), proteolysis of…
Molecular Basis of Prostate Cancer
Figure 38-1 Examples of Gleason grade 3, 4, and 5 prostate cancer. Gleason grade 3 shows well-formed, separate glands (A). Gleason grade 4 shows merging or cribriform glands (B). Gleason…
Genetic Mouse Models of Cancer
Figure 9-1 Non–genetically engineered mouse models of cancer (A,B) Mice develop tumors spontaneously or in response to carcinogen exposure. (C,D) Transplantation of human or mouse tumor cells into recipient mice…
The Biology of Primary Brain Tumors
Molecular Biology of the Most Common Primary Central Nervous System Tumors Brain tumors are thought to arise as the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations that activate oncogenes and inactivate…
High-Content Analysis with Cellular and Tissue Systems Biology
Figure 25-1 Solid tumors are systems within the human system The tumor system includes normal tissue/organ cells (pink), tumor cells usually containing a range of genetic alterations (yellow), and cancer…
