Immunity to Extracellular Bacteria Moon H. Nahm Jannet Katz INTRODUCTION Human interactions with bacteria are complex, with a consortial relationship having been developed between humans and microbes. Each human being…
Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria Anca Dorhoi Stephen T. Reece Stefan H. E. Kaufmann INTRODUCTION This chapter focuses on infections by intracellular bacteria with emphasis on both pathogenicity and general immune…
Immunity to Viruses Hildegund C.J. Ertl INTRODUCTION Veni, vidi, vici—I came, I saw, I conquered. If viruses could talk or see, this would be their hendiatris. Although viruses are minute…
The Immune Response to Parasites Thomas A. Wynn David L. Sacks Alan Sher Eleanor M. Riley PARASITES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM Distinct Features and Global Health Importance of Parasitic Pathogens…
Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Judy Lieberman INTRODUCTION The most effective way the immune system can control the threats of intracellular infection and cellular transformation is by destroying infected and cancerous cells.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 When…
Complement B. Paul Morgan DEFINITIONS AND HISTORY Complement comprises a set of proteins present in plasma and other biological fluids, and on cell membranes, that together play key homeostatic roles…
Neurophysiologic Reflex Mechanisms in Immunology Sangeeta S. Chavan Kevin J. Tracey INTRODUCTION A fundamental principle in biology is that organ function is maintained within a narrow physiologic range, one optimal…
The Mucosal Immune System Yasmine Belkaid INTRODUCTION Most antigens encountered by the immune system enter the body through the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and urogenital tracts, and…
Regulatory/Suppressor T Cells Ethan M. Shevach INTRODUCTION T cells are crucial in the immune response because they can function as both effector cells in cell-mediated responses and as helper cells…
Immunologic Tolerance Christopher C. Goodnow Pamela S. Ohashi INTRODUCTION How the immune system tolerates molecules that are part of our body yet mounts a destructive response against molecules that are…
