Phase I Trials Today
Figure 48-1 The traditional “3 + 3” Phase I clinical trial design. The initial 3-patient cohort begins at a predefined dose. If no DLTs are observed, escalation to the next…
RNA as a Therapeutic Molecule
AML, Acute myeloid leukemia; BL, Burkitt’s lymphoma; CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; ES, Ewing sarcoma. MicroRNAs were found to be involved in the pathophysiology of all…
Monoclonal Antibodies for the Treatment of Cancer
Figure 50-1 Structure of IgG. Currently, fully human antibodies are being produced using two common approaches: screening recombinant antibody libraries and engineering transgenic animals to express human immunoglobulin genes. A…
Molecular Basis of Lung Cancer
ATMBRAF BRD3CBLCTNNB1EGFR FBXW7 FGFR3GOPCKEAP1 KIAA0427KRASNF1 PIK3CA PPP2R1APTEN RB1 RBM10SETD2SMAD4 SMARCA4 STK11TP53 U2AF1 ANP32CAPCBCL11ABCL2L1BRAF CDK6CDKN2ACREBBPCSMD1DDR2EGFR EYSFAM123BFBXW7 FGFR1FOXP1HLA-AHRASKEAP1 MLL2MUC16NF1 NFE2L2NOTCH1PIK3CA PTEN RB1 RELSMAD4 SMARCA4 TNFAIP3TP53 TSC1VGLL4WHSC1L1WWOX ADCY1BCLAF1C17orf108CDYLCNTNAP2COL22A1COL4A2DIP2CELAVL2GRIK3GRM8KHSRPKIF21APLSCR4RASSF8RB1 RIMS2RUNX1T1SATB2TMEM132DTP53 ZDBF2 Genes in bold…
Natural and Acquired Resistance to Cancer Therapies
Figure 47-1 Mechanisms of cellular drug resistance. It is likely that the rate of development of drug-resistant mutants in a cancer varies depending on the nature of the genetic instability…
Molecular Mechanisms of Esophageal Cancer
Figure 31-1 The central Asian esophageal cancer belt extending from Iran to China. Modified from Kamangar F, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM, et al. Esophageal cancer in northeastern Iran: a review….
Gene Therapy and Oncolytic Viruses
FLT1, Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1, VEGFR1; RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp; RRM2, ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2. Gene Knockout Antisense Activation of proto-oncogenes such as Ras, B-Raf, Myc, or EGFR through various mechanisms is…
Inflammation and Cancer
Figure 19-1 Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) can self-renew or differentiate into two multipotent progenitor cell types, myeloid and lymphoid progenitors, which further differentiate to give rise to all cells…
Tumor Angiogenesis
Figure 17-1 Major events in vascular development Some of the critical signaling molecules and receptors are shown corresponding to the cells or processes in which they are known to play…
Invasion and Metastasis
Figure 18-2 The steps of tumor invasion Tumor invasion involves the loss of cell-cell adhesions (cadherins represented by green bars), alterations in cell-matrix adhesion (integrins represented by ovals), proteolysis of…
