Fig. 40.1 Percutaneous sclerotherapy in a facial congenital vascular malformation It is very useful to perform a preoperative angiography before injecting the sclerosing agent. Contrast material is injected and imaging…
Fig. 51.1 Classification of lymphedema (C. Campisi, 2001) In order to provide a comprehensive classification system of lymphedema that encompasses immunohistopathological criteria, level of clinically evident edema, lymphoscintigraphic findings, and…
Fig. 45.1 Venous malformation of the thorax wall involving the pleura Surgery is the elective choice in small and superficial VMs, located on skin and subcutaneous tissue [4]. The excision…
Fig. 42.1 Arteriovenous malformation of the orbit and eyelids. (a) Clinical photo demonstrates anterior displacement of the eyeball (proptosis), with upper eyelid ptosis and conjunctival swelling (chemosis). Arterialized veins can…
Slow-flow malformations Sturge-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay, Proteus syndrome, cutis marmorata, Maffucci syndrome, Gorham-Stout, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, CLOVES (sometimes) High flow Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, Parkes Weber, Rendu-Osler, Cobb, Servelle-Martorell, CLOVES (sometimes) Sturge-Weber…
Fig. 9.1 Three-month-old girl with a soft-tissue mass. (a) Lesion is well limited with variable echogenicity. (b) Highly vascularized ≥5 vessels/cm2 are observed and (c) High-peak systolic Doppler shifts >2…
Fig. 25.1 Cutaneous steal presenting as pallor in the skin overlying arteriovenous malformations (AVM). (a) Pallor surrounding fine telangiectasias overlying a dermal AVM. (b) Pallor surrounding a combined venous, microcystic…
Fig. 29.1 (a) Plain film radiograph reveals multiple phleboliths identified within an extensive infiltrative VM of the forearm with thickening and mass effect on cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue. (b)…
Fig. 21.1 (a) Cutaneous venulocapillary malformation (port-wine stain). (b) Leptomeningeal venulocapillary malformation, Sturge-Weber Syndrome Venous Malformations Clinical Terms used in the past to refer to lesions now recognized as venous…
Fig. 32.1 Hemodynamic classification of AVM [2]. (a and b) Arteriovenous fistulas with one fistula between one (a) or multiple (b) artery/arteries and vein/veins. (c) Arteriovenous malformation (av angioma) with…
