Ultrasound Diagnostics
Fig. 26.1 Diagnostic steps in ultrasound diagnosis of vascular anomalies 1. Search and recognition of a vascular anomaly, its site, and involved vessels. 2. Definition of the main morphology,…
Lymphatic Truncular Malformations of the Limbs: Surgical Treatment
Fig. 51.1 Classification of lymphedema (C. Campisi, 2001) In order to provide a comprehensive classification system of lymphedema that encompasses immunohistopathological criteria, level of clinically evident edema, lymphoscintigraphic findings, and…
Thorax Wall
Fig. 45.1 Venous malformation of the thorax wall involving the pleura Surgery is the elective choice in small and superficial VMs, located on skin and subcutaneous tissue [4]. The excision…
Vascular Malformations of the Orbit
Fig. 42.1 Arteriovenous malformation of the orbit and eyelids. (a) Clinical photo demonstrates anterior displacement of the eyeball (proptosis), with upper eyelid ptosis and conjunctival swelling (chemosis). Arterialized veins can…
Definition and Correlation of Syndromes Related to Congenital Vascular Malformations
Slow-flow malformations Sturge-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay, Proteus syndrome, cutis marmorata, Maffucci syndrome, Gorham-Stout, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, CLOVES (sometimes) High flow Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, Parkes Weber, Rendu-Osler, Cobb, Servelle-Martorell, CLOVES (sometimes) Sturge-Weber…
Diagnostics of Infantile Hemangiomas Including Visceral Hemangioma
Fig. 9.1 Three-month-old girl with a soft-tissue mass. (a) Lesion is well limited with variable echogenicity. (b) Highly vascularized ≥5 vessels/cm2 are observed and (c) High-peak systolic Doppler shifts >2…
Dermatological Manifestations of Vascular Malformations
Fig. 25.1 Cutaneous steal presenting as pallor in the skin overlying arteriovenous malformations (AVM). (a) Pallor surrounding fine telangiectasias overlying a dermal AVM. (b) Pallor surrounding a combined venous, microcystic…
Imaging of Vascular Malformations
Fig. 29.1 (a) Plain film radiograph reveals multiple phleboliths identified within an extensive infiltrative VM of the forearm with thickening and mass effect on cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue. (b)…
Histology of Vascular Malformations
Fig. 21.1 (a) Cutaneous venulocapillary malformation (port-wine stain). (b) Leptomeningeal venulocapillary malformation, Sturge-Weber Syndrome Venous Malformations Clinical Terms used in the past to refer to lesions now recognized as venous…
Interventional Treatment in AVM
Fig. 32.1 Hemodynamic classification of AVM [2]. (a and b) Arteriovenous fistulas with one fistula between one (a) or multiple (b) artery/arteries and vein/veins. (c) Arteriovenous malformation (av angioma) with…
