Chemokines Philip M. Murphy INTRODUCTION Chemokines constitute a large specialized family of cytokines that regulate immune responses by activating specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on leukocytes.1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 Chemokines may act at…
Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Cytokines in Immunity Carl F. Ware INTRODUCTION Lymphocytes are highly mobile, transiting the vascular and lymphatic circulatory systems with limited stopovers in organized lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes,…
The Interleukin-1 Family Charles A. Dinarello Mihai G. Netea INTRODUCTION More than any other cytokine family, the interleukin (IL)-1 family of ligands and receptors is primarily associated with acute and…
Type I Cytokines and Interferons, and Their Receptors Warren J. Leonard OVERVIEW AND ISSUES OF NOMENCLATURE Cytokines are proteins that are secreted by cells and transduce signals via specific cell…
Fc Receptors and Their Role in Immune Regulation and Inflammation Jeffrey V. Ravetch Falk Nimmerjahn HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Cellular receptors for immunoglobulins (Igs) were anticipated by the description of cytophilic antibodies…
Immunogenicity and Antigen Structure Jay A. Berzofsky Ira J. Berkower THE NATURE OF ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS RECOGNIZED BY ANTIBODIES Haptens In the antigen-antibody binding reaction, the antibodybinding site is often unable…
The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Its Proteins David H. Margulies Kannan Natarajan Jamie Rossjohn James McCluskey INTRODUCTION The extended family of glycoproteins known as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MHC-like…
Antigen Processing and Presentation Ted H. Hansen Paul A. Roche ANTIGEN PRESENTATION PATHWAYS As part of the adaptive immune response, T cells mount immune responses to diseased cells and abnormal…
Granulocytes and Mast Cells Patrizia Scapini Nicola Tamassia Carlo Pucillo Marco A. Cassatella INTRODUCTION Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or granulocytes are hematopoietically derived blood cells that typically act at the frontline of…
Macrophages and Phagocytosis Siamon Gordon INTRODUCTION Macrophages (Mø) represent a family of mononuclear leukocytes that are widely distributed throughout the body within and outside of lymphohemopoietic organs. They vary considerably…
