ONCOLOGY
Germ cell, stromal, and other ovarian tumors
Key points 1. Germ cell tumors are arise from primordial germ cells of embryonic gonad and sex-stromal derivatives. 2. Most germ cell tumors are found in the second and third…
Genes and cancer: Genetic counselling and clinical management
Key points 1. Cancer is not always inherited, but it is always genetic. 2. The inherited aspect of cancer always needs to be considered and appropriate counseling and testing arranged….
Basic principles in gynecologic radiotherapy
Key points 1. Radiation therapy is used for the treatment of primary and metastatic gynecologic malignancies. 2. Radiation therapy depends on the differential susceptibility of tumors to irradiation compared with…
Cancer in pregnancy
Key points 1. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database indicate that cancers during the reproductive ages, in order of decreasing frequency are breast, melanoma, thyroid, cervix, and…
Adnexal masses
Key points 1. Adnexal masses are common, and careful evaluation is required before a therapeutic intervention is planned. 2. Masses are classified based on the workup for risk of malignant…
Complications of disease and therapy
Key points 1. Women with gynecologic cancers can have significant complications from their cancer and/or treatments. 2. Vaginal bleeding is usually controlled with packing although arterial embolization may be needed…
