Abstract Anemia of prematurity is a multifactorial anemia, characterized by relatively low plasma erythropoietin (EPO) levels, iatrogenic blood loss, low circulating blood volumes and insufficient erythropoiesis. This anemia has been…
Abstract Diagnosing anemia in a neonate is only a first step in a process that includes: clarifying the pathology responsible for the anemia, instituting the best-known therapy (if indeed a…
Abstract The newborn screening (NBS) program is a well-established comprehensive public health initiative with the main goal of identifying newborns affected by genetic disorders, for whom early interventions may prevent…
Abstract Understanding the development of specific components of the neonatal immune system is critical to the understanding of the susceptibility of the neonate to specific pathogens [1]. With the increasing…
Abstract Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a rare but important consideration in the differential diagnosis of cytopenias in childhood [1]. However, diagnosis of IBMFS in the newborn period…
Abstract Neonates frequently suffer from life threatening infections. Immaturity of the immune system increases the vulnerability to infection, and the preterm and term neonatal immune system has specific deficiencies relative…
Abstract Hematopoiesis refers to the continuous production and release of blood cells into the circulation. As blood cells become old or injured, self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) proliferate and differentiate…
Abstract Ancient concepts of the blood were described by Hippocrates and Galen 2000 years ago in their doctrine of “humors.” It was believed that the body was made up of…
Abstract Mastocytosis is a diverse group of rare diseases due to a clonal proliferation of neoplastic mast cells that can involve a wide variety of organ systems. The two main…
Abstract The classification of mature neoplasms has evolved over the years, with the current WHO classification based largely on the genetics and cellular origin of lymphoid neoplasms [1]. Clinical behaviour…
