Fig. 27.1 Fourteen-year-old boy with venous malformation. (a, b) CT scan with contrast shows an extensive heterogeneous lesion of the face with infiltration of the masseter, buccal floor, tongue, parapharyngeal…

Belov [34] reproduced with permission Table 43.2 Pathogenesis of congenital angio-osteohypotrophy Belov [34] reproduced with permission Fig. 43.1 Drawing explaining pathogenesis of congenital circulatory-hypoxic hyperostosis at the zones of bone…

Fig. 40.1 Percutaneous sclerotherapy in a facial congenital vascular malformation It is very useful to perform a preoperative angiography before injecting the sclerosing agent. Contrast material is injected and imaging…

Clinical manifestation Chyloperitoneum or chylous peritonitis Chyledema of the lower limbs Chyledema of the external genitalia Chyluria Chylothorax Chylorrhea Chylous arthritis Remarks on the Thoracic Duct Anatomy In the embryo,…

Fig. 26.1 Diagnostic steps in ultrasound diagnosis of vascular anomalies 1. Search and recognition of a vascular anomaly, its site, and involved vessels.   2. Definition of the main morphology,…

Fig. 51.1 Classification of lymphedema (C. Campisi, 2001) In order to provide a comprehensive classification system of lymphedema that encompasses immunohistopathological criteria, level of clinically evident edema, lymphoscintigraphic findings, and…

Fig. 45.1 Venous malformation of the thorax wall involving the pleura Surgery is the elective choice in small and superficial VMs, located on skin and subcutaneous tissue [4]. The excision…

Fig. 42.1 Arteriovenous malformation of the orbit and eyelids. (a) Clinical photo demonstrates anterior displacement of the eyeball (proptosis), with upper eyelid ptosis and conjunctival swelling (chemosis). Arterialized veins can…

Slow-flow malformations Sturge-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay, Proteus syndrome, cutis marmorata, Maffucci syndrome, Gorham-Stout, blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, CLOVES (sometimes) High flow Bonnet-Dechaume-Blanc syndrome, Parkes Weber, Rendu-Osler, Cobb, Servelle-Martorell, CLOVES (sometimes) Sturge-Weber…

Fig. 9.1 Three-month-old girl with a soft-tissue mass. (a) Lesion is well limited with variable echogenicity. (b) Highly vascularized ≥5 vessels/cm2 are observed and (c) High-peak systolic Doppler shifts >2…