Thyroid Cancer in Children
83% papillary 60% papillary 23% follicular variant of papillary 10% follicular thyroid cancer 5% medullary 2% other From Ref. [5], with permission Papillary Thyroid Cancer Pathologic features of papillary thyroid…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Thyroid Nodules in Children
Fig. 3.1 Pathway for pediatric thyroid nodules. *Purely cystic lesions, i.e., no solid component, are not managed using this guideline. Surgical consultation may be considered. Recommend external expert review if atypia…
Open Adrenalectomy for Cancer *
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The adrenal gland is composed of a cortex and medulla that have different embryologic origins. ▴ The adrenal cortex arises from the coelomic mesoderm between…
Bilateral Neck Exploration for Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy Surgical Landmarks ♦ When planning the skin incision, the most important landmarks are the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage (which will help define the midline)…
Minimally Invasive Video-assisted Thyroidectomy and Parathyroidectomy
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy Thyroid ♦ The thyroid consists of two lobes joined by an isthmus. The normal weight of the adult gland is approximately 20 grams. Each lobe has…
Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy: Lateral Approach
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The adrenal glands lie partially anterior, superior, and medial to the renal upper poles. The caudal limb of the left adrenal lies in close proximity…
Thyroidectomy for Nodules or Small Cancers
Step 1 Indications for Surgical Therapy ♦ Thyroidectomy is the most common endocrine operation performed, and nodular thyroid disease is the most common endocrine disorder. ♦ Nodular thyroid disease affects…
Laparoscopic Pancreatic Enucleation or Resection for Neuroendocrine Tumor
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The pancreas is located in the lesser sac, with its anterior surface in the peritoneum and its posterior surface in the retroperitoneum. It is divided…
Pancreatoduodenectomy for Neuroendocrine Tumor
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ in the upper abdomen that slopes upward from the C-loop of the duodenum to the splenic hilum. It is…
Minimally Invasive Parathyroidectomy : Gamma Probe Guided *
Step 1 Surgical Anatomy ♦ The anatomy associated with a gamma probe–guided approach to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) is no different than for an MIP alone or traditional parathyroidectomy with…
