Diagnosing and Classifying Diabetes
Key points Diabetes is the modern pandemic. It represents a considerable global economic and social burden for the person with diabetes and the health system. The prevalence of both Type…
ENDOCRINOLOGY
Complementary and Alternative Therapies and Diabetes
Key points Modern diabetes management philosophy is consistent with complementary therapy (CAM) philosophy, specifically, prevention, the central role of the individual in their care and empowerment. People with diabetes are…
Long-Term Complications of Diabetes
Introduction The long-term complications of diabetes are generally classified as: Macrovascular disease: cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. These are common in Type 2 diabetes and are often…
Management During Surgical and Investigative Procedures
Rationale Diabetes is associated with an increased need for surgical procedures and invasive investigations and higher morbidity than non-diabetics. Anaesthesia and surgery are associated with a complex metabolic and neuroendocrine…
Hyperglycaemia, Acute Illness, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), Hyperosmolar Coma (HONK), and Lactic Acidosis
Rationale Hyperglycaemia, DKA, and HONK are preventable short-term complications of diabetes. When hyperglycaemia does occur, effective proactive management can reduce the progression to DKA and HONK and limit the attendant…
Managing Common Conditions Associated with Diabetes
Introduction This chapter outlines some specific conditions that are associated with diabetes. They are often managed in specialised services and some are very rare. A basic knowledge about these conditions…
Nutrition, Obesity and Exercise
Rationale Good nutrition is vital to health and well being and is an essential basis of diabetes management. Obesity is a significant health problem and a major risk factor for…
Women, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes
Key points Women with diabetes have particular health issues and care needs. These include pregnancy and childbirth, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), and menopause. Good control before and during pregnancy reduces…
Monitoring Diabetes Mellitus
Rationale Proactive monitoring programmes enable blood glucose and lipid patterns, complication status, and self-care ability to be identified and the management regimen appropriately tailored to the individual. The accuracy of…
Psychological and Quality of Life Issues Related to Having Diabetes
Rationale Each person with diabetes is unique. People with diabetes focus on being well and living a normal life, thus, they strife for life balance. Achieving a balanced lifestyle and…
