General Considerations for Follow-Up
Abstract Most women treated for early-stage breast cancer will be long-term survivors. In 2016 more than 3.5 million breast cancer survivors were expected in the United States alone and millions…
Unknown Primary Presenting With Axillary Lymphadenopathy
Abstract Breast cancer can rarely present as isolated axillary adenopathy without any evidence of a primary breast mass creating many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Occult breast cancer is defined as…
Clinical Management of the Patient at Increased or High Risk
Abstract There are now interventions to reduce a woman’s chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer as well as strategies for the screening of increased or high-risk women. It is…
Chemotherapy and HER2-Directed Therapy for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Abstract Chemotherapy and HER2-directed therapy for metastatic breast cancer represent an important and quickly evolving area. Much of the significant progress since 2010 has focused on advances in HER2-directed therapy,…
Bisphosphonates in Early Breast Cancer
Abstract Bisphosphonates are osteoclast inhibitors used to treat osteoporosis. In oncology, bisphosphonates are used to prevent or treat skeletal-related events such as pathologic fractures and hypercalcemia of malignancy. In early…
HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Abstract HER2-positive breast cancer has a distinctive biology, wherein amplification of the HER2 oncogene leads to a cascade of downstream effects. While in the past this distinctive biology was associated…
Local Recurrence, the Augmented Breast, and the Contralateral Breast
Abstract As the number of breast cancer survivors increases, more women are at risk for locoregional recurrence of their initial tumor or the growth of a new primary breast cancer….
Carcinoma of the Breast in Pregnancy and Lactation
Abstract Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that, overall, pregnancy is associated with a reduced lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Yet this protective effect is not constant or immediate. Although uncommon, the…
Bilateral Breast Cancer
Abstract Among breast cancer survivors, a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequent second-cancer event, with a reported incidence rate of 0.5% to 1.0% per year. CBC risk is…
Male Breast Cancer
Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for 1% of all breast cancers. Because of its rarity, it is treated similar to female breast cancer, although important…
