Epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes
Keypoints The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Approximately 285 million people worldwide have diabetes in 2010, making it one of the most common non-communicable diseases globally. The…
Pancreatic Diseases and Diabetes
Keypoints Pancreatic disease is a rare cause of diabetes. Acute pancreatitis is associated with transient hyperglycemia which rarely persists. Chronic pancreatitis secondary to any cause can lead to permanent diabetes…
The Pathogenesis of Macrovascular Complications Including Atherosclerosis in Diabetes
Keypoints Diabetes accounts for 75–90% of excess coronary artery disease risk seen in people with diabetes and enhances the effects of other cardiovascular risk factors. A range of hemodynamic and…
Diabetes Lipid Therapies
Keypoints The greatest long-term risk in diabetes is cardiovascular disease (CVD), with macrovascular disease being the cause of 80% of mortality in people with diabetes. Epidemiologic studies have established that…
Foot Problems in Patients with Diabetes
Keypoints Diabetic foot problems remain the most common cause of hospital admissions amongst patients with diabetes in Western countries. Up to 50% of older patients with type 2 diabetes have…
Hypoglycemia in Diabetes
Keypoints Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the limiting factor in the glycemic management of diabetes. It occurs during treatment with an insulin secretagogue or with insulin. The key physiologic defenses against falling…
Endocrine Disorders that Cause Diabetes
Keypoints Endocrine causes of diabetes are mainly a result of an excess of hormones that are counter-regulatory to insulin, and act by inhibiting insulin secretion and/or action. Acromegaly is almost…
Congestive Heart Failure
Keypoints There is a strong link between congestive heart failure (CHF), and diabetes and both conditions are becoming increasingly more common. The prevalence of the combination of CHF and diabetes…
How to Use Type 2 Diabetes Treatments in Clinical Practice: Combination Therapies
Keypoints Managing type 2 diabetes has become more complex as pharmacotherapy has expanded. Clinicians have more pharmaceutical agents targeted to hyperglycemia and obesity than before, but a relentlessly progressive disorder…
Bone and Rheumatic Disorders in Diabetes
Keypoints Musculoskeletal disorders may cause pain and functional impairment, and adversely affect management of diabetes. Fibroproliferative disorders of soft tissue such as limited joint mobility, frozen shoulder, Dupuytren contracture, trigger…
