Microbial Endocrinology: An Ongoing Personal Journey
Fig. 1.1 Social conflict in mice is conducted by the simple placement of a group-housed mouse also known as an “intruder” (in picture, black) into the cage of a singly-housed…
Microbiome to Brain: Unravelling the Multidirectional Axes of Communication
Fig. 15.1 The microbiome industrial age. Host genetics, life style and available nutrients (diet) are the main determinants of the composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiome. This lays the…
Effects of Stress on Commensal Microbes and Immune System Activity
Fig. 14.1 From: Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Attenuates the Stressor-Enhanced Severity of Citrobacter rodentium Infection. Probiotic intervention reduces stressor-enhanced anxiety-like behavior and significantly reduces circulating IL-6 at the peak of infection….
Mechanisms of Stress-Mediated Modulation of Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Designation of nerves Bronchial smooth muscle Mucociliary system Bronchial vessels Parasympathetic nerves1 Constriction Secretion Dilation Sympathetic nerves2 a Inhibitory nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves3 Dilation Excitatory nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves4 Constriction Secretion…
Modulation of the Interaction of Enteric Bacteria with Intestinal Mucosa by Stress-Related Catecholamines
Fig. 6.1 Noradrenergic innervation in an oblique longitudinal section of porcine distal colon. (a) Colonic mucosa was triple-labelled for dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH; red), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; green), and the tight-junction…
Molecular Profiling: Catecholamine Modulation of Gene Expression in Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Fig. 7.1 Nutritional Immunity: a competition between mammalian iron sequestration and bacterial iron acquisition that influences bacterial growth proficiency in the mammalian host. Transferrin and other host iron binding proteins…
Catecholamine-Directed Epithelial Cell Interactions with Bacteria in the Intestinal Mucosa
Fig. 3.1 Proximity of enteric cholinergic and adrenergic nerve fibers to IgA-expressing plasma cells and secretory component (SC)-expressing epithelial cells in porcine ileum. Confocal micrographs are representative of observations in…
Interactions Between Bacteria and the Gut Mucosa: Do Enteric Neurotransmitters Acting on the Mucosal Epithelium Influence Intestinal Colonization or Infection?
Fig. 5.1 Functional classes of enteric neurons and their major projections to the mucosa, submucosal neurons, and smooth muscle coats in the intestinal wall of a large mammal, such as…
Vertebrate Protein and Peptide Hormones
and Winfried G. Rossmanith2 (1) Lenzkirch, Germany (2) Ettlingen, Germany 4.1 Translation 4.1.1 Reading Genetic Information: Transcription 4.1.2 Coding and Other Sequences 4.1.3 Splicing 4.1.4 RNA Cap 4.1.5 Nuclear Export of…
Hormones from Mevalonate: Juvenile Hormone and Steroid Hormones
and Winfried G. Rossmanith2 (1) Lenzkirch, Germany (2) Ettlingen, Germany 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Pathways to Juvenile Hormone and Steroids 6.2.1 JH Synthesis 6.2.2 From Farnesyl Pyrophosphate via Squalene to Cholesterol 6.3 Juvenile…
