Minimally Invasive Treatments for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 13.1 Percutaneous ethanol injection. (a) US scan of the left thyroid lobe. The presence of a large thyroid cyst, relapsing after a former percutaneous drainage. Benign cytology. (b) Thyroid…
History and Examination for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 2.1 The thyroid gland is inferior to the thyroid cartilage anterior to the tracheal rings. A pyramidal lobe is seen in approximately 50% of the population [5] Postpartum :…
Thyroxine Therapy for Thyroid Nodules
Study Study design Number of subjects % Response treatment group % Response in placebo group Significance Gharib et al. (1987) Prospective randomized double blind 53 14 20 NS Reverter et…
Molecular Markers and Thyroid Nodule Evaluation
Fig. 8.1 Management of a thyroid nodule based on fine needle aspiration biopsy results. (a) Historical management decisions for thyroid nodules: fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy provides a thyroid tissue…
Laboratory Evaluation for Thyroid Nodules
Fig. 3.1 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted by the hypothalamus which stimulates thyrotropin-secreting hormone (TSH); TSH secretion by the pituitary gland stimulates thyroid hormone production. The thyroid gland produces thyroxine…
Epidemiology of Thyroid Nodules
Investigation Number of subjects Age (years) Iodine deficient Prevalence (%) Country Laurberg et al. (1998) [4] 423 100 68 66–70 Yes No 12 (female) 2 (female) Denmark Laurberg et al….
Personalised management
6 Personalised management Optimal management of individuals with type 2 diabetes involves complex decision-making to achieve and maintain control of blood glucose as well as other risk factors. The blueprint…
Challenges to glycaemic control
2 Challenges to glycaemic control Achieving and maintaining adequate glycaemic control remains a challenge in many people with type 2 diabetes. The most recent National Institute for Health and Care…
Advantages and disadvantages of new therapies
4 Advantages and disadvantages of new therapies Efficacy based on haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) lowering and tolerability are no longer the only criteria for the success of a new drug for…
Barriers to adherence and their solutions
3 Barriers to adherence and their solutions Management plans in type 2 diabetes may have many components, which may be extremely challenging. These include dietary and physical activity recommendations, administration…
