Fig. 8.1 Main signaling pathways involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying CSC control. The activation of these pathways following different stimuli results in the enhanced transcription of several genes (i.e.,…
Fig. 2.1 Schematic interaction of the effectors of innate and adaptive immunity. Abbreviations: TC tumor cell, DC dendritic cell, Th1 and Th2 T helper cells of types 1 and 2,…
Fig. 6.1 Multiple immunomodulatory coinhibitory and costimulatory receptor-ligand pairs have been identified (although not all are depicted here). These pathways set the immunologic context when an antigen is presented on…
Type of therapy Targeted pathway Achieved effect Local tumor irradiation Antigen presentation and processing Enhanced intratumor homing of effector CTLs Release of TAAs Production of inflammatory cytokines Endothelin receptor blockade…
Fig. 26.1 Schematic mechanism of two immunohistochemistry methods. Top: secondary antibodies and enzymes link to polymer molecule. Bottom: biotinylated secondary antibody and labeled streptavidine Immunohistochemistry has wide application including research…
Fig. 17.1 Heritability of cancers in different sites based on the information available from twin studies 17.3 Immune Polymorphism The role of immune system in defense against malignancies was proposed…
Fig. 24.1 Intact immunoglobulin and common antibody fragments. (a) Schematic representation of an intact immunoglobulin molecule. Each heavy chain (blue) consists of three constant domains (CH1-3) and the variable domain…
Fig. 23.1 Sketch of an advanced systems biology workflow Step 1. In clinical cohorts of, for example, cancer patients vs. healthy individuals, high-throughput data of tissue and/or plasma concentrations for…
Fig. 8.1 Fine modulation of cellular recruitment by chemokines. The chemokine network is organized around several levels of complexity. (a) Most of the cell types (1, 2, 3) express several…
Fig. 12.1 Cancer immunoediting process with its three Es of elimination, equilibrium, and escape. Please note that although in many cases the sequence is followed, in others one or the…
