Parathyroid disease, syndromes and pathophysiology William B. Inabnet James A. Lee Barnard J.A. Palmer Introduction Hyperparathyroidism is a disease characterised by elevated serum calcium and inappropriately elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, which occurs…
Introduction In 1907 Oberndorfer first used the name carcinoid to describe rare ileal tumours with less malignant behaviour than common large bowel carcinomas. Subsequently it became a common name for…
Anatomy The adrenal glands are retroperitoneal structures weighing approximately 5–7 g that have a characteristic golden colour due to cholesterol in their cortex (see Fig. 3.1 ). Their position and…
Introduction The salivary glands are composed of paired parotid, submandibular, lingual and several hundred minor salivary glands that are distributed throughout the upper aerodigestive system. Diseases of the salivary glands…
Introduction The diagnosis and management of familial endocrine syndromes epitomises the complex and changing interface between surgery, medicine and molecular genetics. The last decade has seen an explosion in our…
Introduction Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) are the most common endocrine tumours found in the abdomen. They may be broadly classified into two groups: functional tumours, which cause clinical syndromes due…
Background Embryology, surgical anatomy and physiology Embryology The thyroid gland originates from the first pharyngeal arch and begins as an out-pouching of endodermal tissue from the base of the tongue,…
Clinical governance “Thou wilt learn one piece of Humility, viz. not to trust too much on thine own judgement.” Richard Wiseman ( Severall Chirurgicall Treatises , 1676) We are in…
Key points • Percutaneous musculoskeletal biopsy planning should involve multidisciplinary collaboration • Recognize common “pseudotumors” and “don’t-touch lesions” • A solitary bone lesion of unknown etiology is a primary tumor…
Key points • Radiofrequency ablation is now the standard of care for the treatment of osteoid osteoma. • Surgical treatments carry significant morbidity and recovery times. Improved image guidance techniques…
