Contraception
Abstract Contraception refers to the deliberate use of methods or techniques to prevent pregnancy. Modern contraceptives include hormonal and no hormonal methods available in a variety of delivery systems. This…
Male Infertility
Abstract Male factor contributes up to 50% of all infertility cases, making the proper evaluation and management of male infertility a critical part of the care of the infertile couple….
Female Infertility
Abstract Infertility affects approximately 13% of women and 10% of men. The major causes of female infertility are anovulation, fallopian tube disease, pelvic adhesions, endometriosis, and unexplained infertility. Initial treatment…
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Hyperandrogenic States
Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive-aged women. Major clinical manifestations include hirsutism and irregular menstrual bleeding as a result of altered hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian interaction. Metabolic dysfunction…
Hormone-Responsive Cancers
Abstract This chapter is an overview on breast cancer, prostate cancer, and endometrial cancers, with an emphasis on hormone-related components. We review the epidemiology of these cancers, focusing on the…
Endocrine Disturbances Affecting Reproduction
Abstract The reproductive axis, particularly in women, is vulnerable to disruption from environmental influences and illness. Endocrine disorders not involving the gonads strongly influence reproductive function. Diseases of the pituitary,…
Benign Uterine Diseases
Abstract The traditional concept of the uterus is that the endometrium is the dynamic tissue, providing an intricate set of functions throughout the menstrual cycle—a process that rarely culminates in…
Transgender Hormonal Treatment
Abstract Transgender individuals have biological gender identities that differ from the sex recorded at birth. To proceed with medical therapy, a diagnosis of gender incongruence must be made. Although not…
Puberty: Gonadarche and Adrenarche
Abstract Puberty in humans is defined as the period of becoming capable of reproducing. It is marked by maturation of the genital organs, development of secondary sex characteristics, acceleration in…
Disorders of Sex Development
Abstract Sex development plays a fundamental role in determining the physical attributes of our bodies, the structure of our brains, our behavioral tendencies, and our self-concept. Understanding the development of…
