Fig. 1 KRAS signaling. KRAS acts to integrate external signals from extracellular ligands that bind transmembrane growth factor receptors. The KRAS protein is localized to the cell membrane via farnesylation…
Drug name Generic name Target Status Reversible ZD1839 Gefitinib EGFR Approved OSI776 Erlotinib EGFR Approved BPI-2009H Icotinib EGFR Approved TAK-165 Mubritinib EGFR/ERBB2 Phase I XL647 NA EGFR/ERBB2/FLT-4 Phase II…
Risk factor Risk ratio Comments References Second hand smoke 1.34 Prospective nested case control in Europe [27] 1.23 (spouse) 1.27 (workplace) Pooled analysis from two case controls US & Europe…
Fig. 1 A simplified overview of platinum resistance in lung cancer. Pt platinum, CTR1 copper transporter 1, GSH glutathione, BCRP breast cancer resistance protein Table 1 Tumor factors contributing to…
Fig. 1 Prevalence of current cigarette smoking, by race/ethnicity and sex, 2010, National Health Interview Survey, United States [2] While personal cigarette smoking has been causally linked with lung cancer,…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Aamir Ahmad and Shirish Gadgeel (eds.)Lung Cancer and Personalized MedicineAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology89310.1007/978-3-319-24223-1_9 Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Signaling in Lung Cancer Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou1 and Keisuke Shirai2 (1) Chao Family…
Fig. 1 Ways to leave your EGFR inhibitor: biochemical pathways leading to resistance to small molecule EGFR drugs such as gefitinib and erlotinib. (a) Structures of two approved EGFR TKIs,…
Fig. 1 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signal transduction (Reprinted with permission from Roskoski. CROH 2007 62(3):179–213) The role of serum VEGF (VEGF-A) in tumor growth and development has been…
Parameter Group EO EC BF R (mm) Controls 2.0 1.9 2.3 #,$ (1.7–2.6) (1.6–2.6) (1.8–2.8) OA 2.7** 2.8*** 3.2***,## (2.4–3.4) (2.2–3.8) (2.5–4.1) RA 2.6** 2.8** 3.3***,###,$$ (2.1–3.4) (2.1–3.4) (2.7–4.1) A…
