HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Abstract HER2-positive breast cancer has a distinctive biology, wherein amplification of the HER2 oncogene leads to a cascade of downstream effects. While in the past this distinctive biology was associated…
Local Recurrence, the Augmented Breast, and the Contralateral Breast
Abstract As the number of breast cancer survivors increases, more women are at risk for locoregional recurrence of their initial tumor or the growth of a new primary breast cancer….
Carcinoma of the Breast in Pregnancy and Lactation
Abstract Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that, overall, pregnancy is associated with a reduced lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. Yet this protective effect is not constant or immediate. Although uncommon, the…
Bilateral Breast Cancer
Abstract Among breast cancer survivors, a contralateral breast cancer (CBC) is the most frequent second-cancer event, with a reported incidence rate of 0.5% to 1.0% per year. CBC risk is…
Male Breast Cancer
Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease, accounting for 1% of all breast cancers. Because of its rarity, it is treated similar to female breast cancer, although important…
Management of Pericardial Metastases in Breast Cancer
Abstract This chapter reviews the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, useful diagnostic studies, and available treatments for breast cancer–associated pericardial disease. Treatment of pericardial involvement in breast cancer is aimed primarily at…
Management of Central Nervous System Metastases in Breast Cancer
Abstract The cumulative incidence of brain metastasis at 5 years is approximately 5% in patients with breast cancer but is much higher in postmortem autopsy series. Overall breast cancer is…
Diagnosis and Management of Pleural Metastases and Malignant Effusion in Breast Cancer
Abstract Pleural metastases and malignant pleural effusion may occur with metastatic breast cancer. Presentation can vary widely from an incidental finding on imaging to a large effusion with severe dyspnea….
Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer
Abstract Endocrine therapy is among the most powerful tools currently available for prevention and treatment of breast cancer, whether in the adjuvant or metastatic setting. Since the “modern” era of…
Immunologic Approaches to Breast Cancer Therapy
Abstract Although breast cancer tumors tend to have less tumor immune infiltration than immunogenic tumors such as melanoma and colon cancer, the prognostic importance of tumor immune infiltrates in breast…
