51.1 Introduction 51.1.1 Obesity epidemic Obesity is a chronic condition characterized by excess weight and body fat, which stems from an interplay between heritable, metabolic, environmental, and behavioral factors. Obesity…
73.1 Background At the time of menopause, women often experience a significant bone loss with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture, as a result of the decline in ovarian…
55.1 Introduction Osteoporosis and periodontal disease are chronic conditions that disproportionately affect older populations. Both diseases are associated with low systemic bone mineral density (BMD) and they share common risk…
72.1 Introduction Despite the remarkable strides that scientists and health-care professionals have made in the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis over the last quarter-century, the battle against this metabolic bone…
68.1 Epidemiology of falls and fall-related injuries in older people A fall is “an event which results in a person coming to rest inadvertently on the ground or floor or…
70.1 Introduction Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for the prevention of osteoporosis. Studies have related several nutrients with bone health, such as vitamins A, B, C, D, E,…
71.1 Introduction The general nutritional advice for skeletal health is that adults should follow a varied nutrient-rich diet with adequate protein and fruits and vegetables, and they should also ensure…
39.1 Introduction The gut microbiota (GM) comprises the largest number of cells in the human body, and it is well established that the interaction between the GM and its host…
67.1 Engaging the orthopedic specialist While orthopedic surgeons are recognized as technicians in the care of patients with fragility fractures, their potential influence on the treatment of millions of patients…
53.1 Introduction The systemic and focal joint inflammation that characterizes many chronic inflammatory diseases of autoimmune origin, or rheumatologic diseases, is frequently accompanied by adverse effects on the skeleton. Much…
