An Ensemble Perspective of Aging-Related Hypoandrogenemia in Men

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on An Ensemble Perspective of Aging-Related Hypoandrogenemia in Men

Fig. 16.1 Simplified schema of the GnRH-LH-testosterone (hypothalamo-pituitary-Leydig cell) axis with feedback (−, inhibitory) and feedforward (+, stimulatory) interactions mediated via specific interface (dose-response) functions Fig. 16.2 Primary loci of postulated regulatory…

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The Undescended Testis

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on The Undescended Testis

Fig. 10.1 Undescended testes along the pathway of normal testicular descent into the scrotum, and ectopic locations. Illustration by Dr. James Grubola, Professor of Fine Arts, University of Louisville Congenital cryptorchidism…

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The Human Leydig Cell

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on The Human Leydig Cell

Fig. 2.1 Fetal testis. a Fetal mouse: low magnification of a semi-thin section showing seminiferous tubules (ST) and interstitial tissue (I). b Fetal mouse: higher magnification of (a) showing gonocytes (G)…

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Hypogonadism in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Hypogonadism in Males with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Fig. 7.1 Adrenal steroid synthesis. StAR steroidogenic autoregulatory protein; SCC (cholesterol) side-chain cleavage enzyme; 3β-HSD 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 17β-HSD 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase Prevalence Most enzyme deficiencies that cause CAH are extremely rare, except…

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Male Hypogonadism and Liver Disease

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Male Hypogonadism and Liver Disease

Causes of chronic liver disease Prevalence in United States Associated type of hypogonadism Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) 11% Unclear, but likely more secondary Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) 2% Both…

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Obesity and Aging in Late-Onset Hypogonadism

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Obesity and Aging in Late-Onset Hypogonadism

Fig. 17.1 Relationship between age and hormones. This figure shows mean hormone values at 5-year age bands with 95% confidence interval (shaded area) in 3220 European men. Mean hormone values with…

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Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Metabolic Syndrome

Sep 7, 2017 by in ENDOCRINOLOGY Comments Off on Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Metabolic Syndrome

Ref. n BMI (kg/m2) Testosterone ng/dL (nmol/L) SHBG nmo/L MetS HOMA-IR   Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post [148] 22 46.2 ± 0.9 −16.6% 340 ± 21 636 ± 186  +21.6     [149] 33 50.3 ± 6.1 31.5 ± 4.7 248 ± 91…

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