Fig. 28.1 a, b 45-year-old patent had a skin-sparing mastectomy and SLNB with a D-IBR using a tissue expander. c Five months after the primary operation, a textured, anatomic shaped 600…
Fig. 12.1 Categories of breast by density. A Breasts are almost entirely fatty. B There are scattered areas of fibroglandular density. C The breasts are heterogeneously dense, which may obscure small…
Fig. 14.1 Breast cancer presented with visible skin retraction Table 14.1 The level of suspicion for malignancy on clinical examination scale P1 Normal P2 Benign P3 Uncertain P4 Suspicious P5 Malignant Fig. 14.2…
Fig. 19.1 Poor cosmetic outcome from conservation surgery for an inferiorly placed cancer resulting in a typical bird’s beak deformity Fig. 19.2 Poor cosmetic outcome from conservation surgery for a superiorly placed…
General Patient’s inability to access a radiotherapy centre Neurological/orthopaedic conditions (upper limb functional limitations, inability to keep still, etc.) Severe lung disease Severe cardiac disease for left-sided breast tumours Germline…
Fig. 30.1 One- versus two-stage implant-based breast reconstruction 30.3 Specific Techniques 30.3.1 Immediate Implant-Based Reconstruction Immediate implant-based breast reconstruction after mastectomy is associated with significant psychosocial and quality of life benefits…
Fig. 33.1 a Skate flap marking up. b Flap raising: the bilateral dermal wings are thin peripherally and thicker at the base; the central body of the flap includes a substantial…
Fig. 22.1 Patient aged 80, submitted to quadrantectomy 17 years before because of an IDC, 10 mm, G2, ER+, PgR+, Her2−, Ki67 15% in the left breast. Breast cancer recurrence at MRI along…
Fig. 46.1 a–d A 40-year-old patient presented with a lump in a left lateral breast. Ultrasound a mammography b and core biopsy all suggested only a benign fibroadenoma. Excision biopsy…
Fig. 34.1 Affected range of motion of right shoulder after full axillary clearance Factors associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications include: Age Obesity Smoking Excessive use of alcohol or…
