Breast diseases
Key points 1. Women who present with a breast mass require triple assessment , which comprises physical examination, breast imaging with mammography and ultrasound, and pathologic or cytologic evaluation. Discordant…
ONCOLOGY
Invasive cancer of the vulva
Key points 1. Invasive vulvar cancer is a relatively rare tumor, accounting for 4% of all female genital malignant neoplasms. 2. Squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva develops by human…
Endometrial hyperplasia, estrogen therapy, and the prevention of endometrial cancer
Introduction The endometrium is a dynamic tissue in reproductive age women. It is continuously cycling in response to hormonal, stromal, and vascular influences, with the ultimate goal of implanting an…
Preinvasive disease and dystrophies of the vagina and vulva and related disorders
Key points 1. Vaccination for human papilloma virus (HPV) should decrease the incidence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) of the vulva and vagina. 2. Lichen sclerosus is associated with…
Preinvasive disease of the cervix
Key points 1. Persistent expression of human papillomavirus (HPV) is required for progression to cancer. 2. HPV vaccination has the potential to eradicate cervical cancer. 3. Screening guidelines have changed…
Head & Neck, Thyroid, CNS Malignancies
Head & Neck, Thyroid, CNS Malignancies Cristina Rodriguez, MD Lakshmi Nayak, MD A 35-year-old man of Southern Chinese descent presents with a 6-month history of left-sided middle ear effusions and…
Cutaneous Malignancies, Sarcomas, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary
Cutaneous Malignancies, Sarcomas, Carcinoma of Unknown Primary Joanne Jeter, MD Lee Cranmer, MD, PhD, FACP Targeted therapies often used in malignant melanoma accompany agent-specific toxicities. Match the agent with its…
Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Gastrointestinal Malignancies Benjamin L. Schlechter, MD Hani Babiker, MD Douglas Rubinson, MD, PhD Nilay Sethi, MD, PhD Sigurdis Haraldsdottir, MD, PhD Thomas Abrams, MD Kimberly Perez, MD Leah Biller, MD…
Gynecological Malignancies
Gynecological Malignancies Susana Campos, MD, MPH A 35-year-old female presents with pelvic pain. She describes postcoital bleeding. A pelvic examination reveals a clinically visible lesion measuring 4 cm in size….
Genitourinary Malignancies
Genitourinary Malignancies Praful Ravi, MB, BChir, MRCP Wenxin (Vincent) Xu, MD Charlene Mantia, MD Bradley McGregor, MD Andrew L. Schmidt, MD A 61-year-old male is diagnosed with prostate cancer after…
